Wiktionary

بعر

Arabic

edit
 
بَعْر

Etymology

edit

From بَعِير (baʕīr, “camel”), or compare جَعْر (jaʕr, “dung”), جَعَرَ (jaʕara, “to void one’s dung”). The only parallel form in Semitic is Classical Syriac ܒܥܘܿܪܴܐ (bəʿōrā, “dried dung”), while the animal term is widely attested in Semitic, so unlikely the reverse happened that from the name of dung came the animal name – as Hommel suggested –, which is also comparatively a generally less likely direction.

Pronunciation

edit

Verb

edit

بَعَرَ • (baʕara) I, non-past يَبْعَرُ‎ (yabʕaru)

  1. to void dung, to evacuate, to throw out ordure (said of a cloven-hoofed beast)

Conjugation

edit
Conjugation of
بَعَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun بَعْر)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
بَعْر

baʕr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
bāʕir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
mabʕūr
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
baʕartu
baʕarta
بَعَرَ

baʕara
baʕartumā
baʕarā
baʕarnā
baʕartum
baʕarū
f
baʕarti
baʕarat
baʕaratā
baʕartunna
baʕarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔabʕaru
tabʕaru
yabʕaru
tabʕarāni
yabʕarāni
nabʕaru
tabʕarūna
yabʕarūna
f
tabʕarīna
tabʕaru
tabʕarāni
tabʕarna
yabʕarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔabʕara
tabʕara
yabʕara
tabʕarā
yabʕarā
nabʕara
tabʕarū
yabʕarū
f
tabʕarī
tabʕara
tabʕarā
tabʕarna
yabʕarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔabʕar
tabʕar
yabʕar
tabʕarā
yabʕarā
nabʕar
tabʕarū
yabʕarū
f
tabʕarī
tabʕar
tabʕarā
tabʕarna
yabʕarna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
ibʕar
ibʕarā
ibʕarū
f
ibʕarī
ibʕarna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
buʕirtu
buʕirta
بُعِرَ

buʕira
buʕirtumā
buʕirā
buʕirnā
buʕirtum
buʕirū
f
buʕirti
buʕirat
buʕiratā
buʕirtunna
buʕirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔubʕaru
tubʕaru
yubʕaru
tubʕarāni
yubʕarāni
nubʕaru
tubʕarūna
yubʕarūna
f
tubʕarīna
tubʕaru
tubʕarāni
tubʕarna
yubʕarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔubʕara
tubʕara
yubʕara
tubʕarā
yubʕarā
nubʕara
tubʕarū
yubʕarū
f
tubʕarī
tubʕara
tubʕarā
tubʕarna
yubʕarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔubʕar
tubʕar
yubʕar
tubʕarā
yubʕarā
nubʕar
tubʕarū
yubʕarū
f
tubʕarī
tubʕar
tubʕarā
tubʕarna
yubʕarna

Noun

edit

بَعْر • (baʕr) m (collective, singulative بَعْرَة f (baʕra), plural أَبْعَار (ʔabʕār))

  1. dung, ordure (of a cloven-hoofed beast)
    • 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:38:
      نَهَانَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ نَتَمَسَّحَ بِعَظْمٍ أَوْ بَعْرٍ‏.‏
      nahānā rasūli l-lahi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama ʔan natamassaḥa biʕaẓmin ʔaw baʕrin.
      The Prophet (PBUH) forbade us to wipe ourselves with bone or dung.
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 68:81:
      وَقَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ تَرْمِي بِالْبَعَرَةِ عَلَى رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ.‏
      waqad kānat ʔiḥdākunna fī l-jāhiliyyati tarmī bi-l-baʕarati ʕalā raʔsi l-ḥawli.
      In the pre-Islamic time one of your kind (a widow) used to cast a globe of dung when a year has elapsed.
    • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, -1:87:
      فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ كَانَتْ بَعْرَةٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَىَّ مِنْهُ
      falammā raʔaytuhu kānat baʕratun ʔaḥabba ʔilāāa minhu
      When I saw him a globe of dung would have been more preferred to me than him.
    • 1951 August 20, Šākir Maḥmūd, “السرقين والسماد في الزراعة قديما”, in مجلة الرسالة:
      راجعنا مقالاتهم في أنواع السرقين والمفاضلة بين ذرق الحمام وأرواث الخيل والبغال والحمير، وأخثاء البقر والجواميس وأبعار الغنم والضأن والماعز، […]
      We have reviewed their articles on the types of manure and the differences between pigeon droppings, dung of horses and mules and asses, and sharn of cows and buffalos and sheep and goats, […]

Declension

edit
Declension of noun بَعْر (baʕr)
Collective basic collective triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَعْر
baʕr 		الْبَعْر
al-baʕr 		بَعْر
baʕr
Nominative بَعْرٌ
baʕrun 		الْبَعْرُ
al-baʕru 		بَعْرُ
baʕru
Accusative بَعْرًا
baʕran 		الْبَعْرَ
al-baʕra 		بَعْرَ
baʕra
Genitive بَعْرٍ
baʕrin 		الْبَعْرِ
al-baʕri 		بَعْرِ
baʕri
Singulative singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَعْرَة
baʕra 		الْبَعْرَة
al-baʕra 		بَعْرَة
baʕrat
Nominative بَعْرَةٌ
baʕratun 		الْبَعْرَةُ
al-baʕratu 		بَعْرَةُ
baʕratu
Accusative بَعْرَةً
baʕratan 		الْبَعْرَةَ
al-baʕrata 		بَعْرَةَ
baʕrata
Genitive بَعْرَةٍ
baʕratin 		الْبَعْرَةِ
al-baʕrati 		بَعْرَةِ
baʕrati
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَعْرَتَيْن
baʕratayn 		الْبَعْرَتَيْن
al-baʕratayn 		بَعْرَتَيْ
baʕratay
Nominative بَعْرَتَانِ
baʕratāni 		الْبَعْرَتَانِ
al-baʕratāni 		بَعْرَتَا
baʕratā
Accusative بَعْرَتَيْنِ
baʕratayni 		الْبَعْرَتَيْنِ
al-baʕratayni 		بَعْرَتَيْ
baʕratay
Genitive بَعْرَتَيْنِ
baʕratayni 		الْبَعْرَتَيْنِ
al-baʕratayni 		بَعْرَتَيْ
baʕratay
Paucal (3-10) sound feminine paucal
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal بَعْرَات
baʕrāt 		الْبَعْرَات
al-baʕrāt 		بَعْرَات
baʕrāt
Nominative بَعْرَاتٌ
baʕrātun 		الْبَعْرَاتُ
al-baʕrātu 		بَعْرَاتُ
baʕrātu
Accusative بَعْرَاتٍ
baʕrātin 		الْبَعْرَاتِ
al-baʕrāti 		بَعْرَاتِ
baʕrāti
Genitive بَعْرَاتٍ
baʕrātin 		الْبَعْرَاتِ
al-baʕrāti 		بَعْرَاتِ
baʕrāti
Plural of variety basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَبْعَار
ʔabʕār 		الْأَبْعَار
al-ʔabʕār 		أَبْعَار
ʔabʕār
Nominative أَبْعَارٌ
ʔabʕārun 		الْأَبْعَارُ
al-ʔabʕāru 		أَبْعَارُ
ʔabʕāru
Accusative أَبْعَارًا
ʔabʕāran 		الْأَبْعَارَ
al-ʔabʕāra 		أَبْعَارَ
ʔabʕāra
Genitive أَبْعَارٍ
ʔabʕārin 		الْأَبْعَارِ
al-ʔabʕāri 		أَبْعَارِ
ʔabʕāri

See also

edit

References

edit
  • “bˁwr3”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • “bˁwrh”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
  • Hommel, Fritz (1879) Die Namen der Säugethiere bei den südsemitischen Völkern als Beiträge zur arabischen und äthiopischen Lexicographie, zur semitischen Kulturforschung und Sprachvergleichung und zur Geschichte der Mittelmeerfauna. Mit steter Berücksichtigung auch der assyrischen und hebräischen Thiernamen und geographischen und literaturgeschichtlichen Excursen‎[1] (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 143–144
  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pages 73–75
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=بعر&oldid=75676590"