زعفران
See also: زغفران
Arabic
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Aramaic צפר with unattested -ān ending, compare زَعْتَر (zaʕtar, “wild thyme”) and juxtapose عُصْفُر (ʕuṣfur) for a native form from أَصْفَر (ʔaṣfar, “yellow”) of the root ص ف ر (ṣ-f-r).
A Middle Iranian borrowing is also maintained, which invites comparison with Persian جعفری (ja'fari, “parsley”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editزَعْفَرَان • (zaʕfarān) m
Declension
editDeclension of noun زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān |
الزَّعْفَرَان az-zaʕfarān |
زَعْفَرَان zaʕfarān |
Nominative | زَعْفَرَانٌ zaʕfarānun |
الزَّعْفَرَانُ az-zaʕfarānu |
زَعْفَرَانُ zaʕfarānu |
Accusative | زَعْفَرَانًا zaʕfarānan |
الزَّعْفَرَانَ az-zaʕfarāna |
زَعْفَرَانَ zaʕfarāna |
Genitive | زَعْفَرَانٍ zaʕfarānin |
الزَّعْفَرَانِ az-zaʕfarāni |
زَعْفَرَانِ zaʕfarāni |
Descendants
edit- Maltese: żagħfran
- Moroccan Arabic: زعفران (zaʕfrān)
- Andalusian Arabic: زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān) (from the definite form الزَّعْفَرَان (az-zaʕfarān))
- Borrowings
- → Aramaic:
- → Middle Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran), զափրան (zapʻran), զաւհրան (zawhran)
- Armenian: զաֆրան (zafran)
- → Italian: zafferano
- → Medieval Latin: safranum
- → Ottoman Turkish: زعفران (zaʼferan), زغفران (zağferan, zagferan), صفران (safran)
- → Persian: زعفران (za'ferân) (see there for further descendants)
- → Swahili: zafarani
Unsorted borrowings
- → Albanian: shafran
- → Czech: šafrán
- → Danish: safran
- → Estonian: safran
- → Faroese: safran
- → Icelandic: saffran
- → Hebrew: זעפרן (z'afrán)
- → Hungarian: sáfrány
- → Latvian: safrāns
- → Lithuanian: šafranas, šafronas
- → Norwegian: safran
- → Polish: szafran
- → Romanian: șofran
- → Slovak: šafran
- → Slovene: žafran
- → Swedish: saffran
References
edit- Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 145, where Middle Iranian *zar-parān (“gold-wings”)
- “ṣpr6”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “zˁprn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Baluchi
editNoun
editزعفران • (transliteration needed)
Ottoman Turkish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editزعفران • (zaʼferan)
- saffron
- 1914, Harun Reşit Kocacan, Muhtasar ilm-i kımya: Darülmuallimin ve Darülfünun ile mekâtib-i iʼdadiye sınıflarına mahsustur, İstanbul: Kitaphane-yi İslâm ve Askerı̂, page 254:
- طبیعی بویالرك اك مهملری كوك بویا ، بقام اغاجی ، چیوید ، زغفران جهرى وقرمزدر .
- tabiʼi boyalarıñ eñ mühimleri kök boya, bakkam ağacı, çivid, zağferan[,] cehri ve kırmızdır.
- The most important natural dyes are madder, bloodwood, indigo, saffron, yellowberry, and kermes.
Descendants
edit- Gagauz: şafran
- Turkish: safran
- → Bulgarian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Macedonian: шафран (šafran)
- → Russian: шафра́н (šafrán)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
References
edit- Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 9, makes the claim that صفران (safran) is a Europeanized variant, but the variation is native Turkish; see Azerbaijani zəngin.
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “زعفران”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 644b
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “safran”, in Nişanyan Sözlük, phantasizes the variation with ص (ṣ) to have been present in Arabic, citing Asbaghi, Asya (1988) Persische Lehnwörter im Arabischen[3] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, which is known as unseriös (Ullmann, Manfred (1997) Zur Geschichte des Wortes barīd „Post“ [About the history of the word barīd ‘post’] (Beiträge zur Lexikographie des Klassischen Arabisch; 13)[4] (in German), München: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission bei der C.H.Beck’schen Verlagsbuchhandlung, →ISBN, page 9).
Pashto
editNoun
editزعفران • (za'farā́n) m
References
edit- “زعفران”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
Persian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [zaʔ.fa.ɾɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [zæʔ.fæ.ɹɒːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [zäʔ.fä.ɾɔn]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | za'farān |
Dari reading? | za'farān |
Iranian reading? | za'farân |
Tajik reading? | zaʾfaron |
Noun
editزعفران • (za'farân)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editUrdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian زعفران (za'farān), from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /zɑːf.ɾɑːn/
Noun
editCategories:
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms borrowed from Middle Iranian languages
- Arabic terms derived from Middle Iranian languages
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- ar:Spices
- ar:Pigments
- ar:Iris family plants
- Baluchi lemmas
- Baluchi nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms with quotations
- ota:Spices
- ota:Pigments
- ota:Iris family plants
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto nouns
- Pashto masculine nouns
- ps:Spices
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- fa:Spices
- fa:Pigments
- fa:Iris family plants
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu feminine nouns
- ur:Spices
- ur:Pigments
- ur:Iris family plants