ـستان
Northern Kurdish
editSuffix
editـستان (-istan or -stan) f
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian ـستان (-istān). By surface analysis, suffix form of ستان (sitan, “place where something abounds”).
Suffix
editـستان • (-istan)
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Turkish: -istan
References
edit- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ستان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1039
Persian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿is.ˈtɑːn], [s.ˈtɑːn], [.si.ˈtɑːn]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿es.t̪ʰɒ́ːn], [s.t̪ʰɒ́ːn], [.se.t̪ʰɒ́ːn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿is.t̪ʰɔ́n], [s.t̪ʰɔ́n], [.si.t̪ʰɔ́n]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ‿istān, stān, -sitān |
Dari reading? | ‿istān, stān, -sitān |
Iranian reading? | ‿estân, stân, -setân |
Tajik reading? | ‿iston, ston, -siton |
Suffix
editDari | سِتان، ـستَان، ـِستَان |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | -истон, -стон, -ситон |
ـِستَان or ـستَان or سِتَان • (-estân or -stân or setân) (see Usage notes)
Usage notes
editWhen the base noun ends with a consonant, the form ـِستَان (-estân) is used:[1]
- گل (gol) + ـِستَان → گلستان (golestân)
- افغان (afğân) + ـِستَان → افغانستان (afğânestân)
- تاجیک (tâjik) + ـِستَان → تاجیکستان (tâjikestân)
When the base noun ends with a long vowel, the form ـستَان (-stân) is used:[1]
- هندو (hendu) + ـستَان → هندوستان (hendustân)
- پری (pari) + ـستَان → پریستان (paristân)
- سکا (sakâ) + ـستَان → سکاستان (sakâstân)
When the base noun ends with the short vowel ـه (-e) (from Classical Persian ـَه (-a)), either that vowel is rewritten as ـَ (a) and the form ـستَان (-stân) is used, or the base noun is kept unchanged and the non-joining form سِتان (setân) is used:
- لاله (lâle) + ـستَان → لالستان (lâlastân)
- لاله (lâle) + سِتَان → لالهستان (lâle-setân)
- بنفشه (banafše) + سِتَان → بنفشهستان (banafše-setân)
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Dari: ـستان (-istān), ـستان (-stān), ستان (sitān)
- Iranian Persian: ـستان (-estân), ـستان (-stân), ستان (setân)
- Tajik: -истон (-iston), -стон (-ston), -ситон (-siton)
- → Armenian: -ստան (-stan)
- → Assamese: -স্তান (-stan)
- → Azerbaijani: -istan
- → Bashkir: -стан (-stan)
- → Bengali: -স্তান (-stan)
- → Chagatai: ـستان
- → Chinese: 斯坦 (sītǎn)
- → English: -istan, -stan
- → Georgian: -სტანი (-sṭani)
- → Gujarati: -ઇસ્તાન (-istān), -સ્તાન (-stān)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: -стан (-stan)
- → Kyrgyz: -стан (-stan)
- → Malayalam: -സ്ഥാന് (-sthānŭ)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ـستان (-istan)
- Turkish: -istan
- → Punjabi:
- → Russian: -истан (-istan), -стан (-stan)
- → Sindhi: ـِسْتَانُ (-istānu), ـسْتانُ (-stānu)
- → Spanish: -istán
- → Tamil: -ஸ்தான் (-stāṉ)
- → Tatar: -стан (-stan)
- → Turkmen: -istan
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ستان”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
Punjabi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Suffix
editـِسْتان or ـسْتان • (-istān or -stān) (Gurmukhi spelling -ਇਸਤਾਨ or -ਸਤਾਨ)
Derived terms
editUrdu
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /stāna/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɪs.t̪ɑːn/, /st̪ɑːn/
Suffix
editـِسْتان or ـسْتان • (-istān or -stān) (Hindi spelling -इस्तान or -स्तान)
Derived terms
edit- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish suffixes
- Northern Kurdish noun-forming suffixes
- Northern Kurdish feminine suffixes
- Northern Kurdish terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish suffixes
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian suffixes
- Punjabi terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Classical Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Middle Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Old Persian
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Punjabi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi suffixes
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Middle Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Old Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu suffixes
- Urdu terms spelled with ـ