See also: شبان, ستان, and -stan

Northern Kurdish

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Suffix

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ـستان (-istan or -stanf

  1. Arabic spelling of -istan
  2. Arabic spelling of -stan

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ـستان (-istān). By surface analysis, suffix form of ستان (sitan, place where something abounds).

Suffix

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ـستان (-istan)

  1. -stan

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Turkish: -istan

References

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Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology

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From Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀 (stāna)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (to stand). Cognate with Sanskrit स्थान (sthāna).

Pronunciation

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  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [‿ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [s.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [.sɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [‿ɪs.t̪ʰɑ́ːn], [st̪ʰɑ́ːn], [.sɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːn]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [‿is.t̪ʰɔ́ːn], [st̪ʰɔ́ːn], [.si.t̪ʰɔ́ːn]

Readings
Classical reading? ‿istān, stān, -sitān
Dari reading? ‿istān, stān, -sitān
Iranian reading? ‿estân, stân, -setân
Tajik reading? ‿iston, ston, -siton

Suffix

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Dari سِتان، ـستَان، ـِستَان
Iranian Persian
Tajik -истон, -стон, -ситон

ـِستَان or ـستَان or سِتَان (-estân or -stân or setân) (see Usage notes)

  1. -istan, -estan, -stan

Usage notes

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When the base noun ends with a consonant, the form ـِستَان (-estân) is used:[1]

گل (gol) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎گلستان (golestân)
افغان (afğân) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎افغانستان (afğânestân)
تاجیک (tâjik) + ‎ـِستَان → ‎تاجیکستان (tâjikestân)

When the base noun ends with a long vowel, the form ـستَان (-stân) is used:[1]

هندو (hendu) + ‎ـستَان → ‎هندوستان (hendustân)
پری (pari) + ‎ـستَان → ‎پریستان (paristân)
سکا (sakâ) + ‎ـستَان → ‎سکاستان (sakâstân)

When the base noun ends with the short vowel ـه (-e) (from Classical Persian ـَه (-a)), either that vowel is rewritten as ـَ (a) and the form ـستَان (-stân) is used, or the base noun is kept unchanged and the non-joining form سِتان (setân) is used:

لاله (lâle) + ‎ـستَان → ‎لالستان (lâlastân)
لاله (lâle) + ‎سِتَان → ‎لاله‌ستان (lâle-setân)
بنفشه (banafše) + ‎سِتَان → ‎بنفشه‌ستان (banafše-setân)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “ستان”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Punjabi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (to stand).

Suffix

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ـِسْتان or ـسْتان (-istān or -stān) (Gurmukhi spelling -ਇਸਤਾਨ or -ਸਤਾਨ)

  1. -istan, -stan

Derived terms

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Category Punjabi terms suffixed with ـستان not found

Urdu

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian ـِسْتَان (-istān), from Middle Persian -stʾn' (-estān), from Old Persian 𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎴 (s-t-a-n /⁠stāna⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *stā́nam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stʰáHnam, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (to stand).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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ـِسْتان or ـسْتان (-istān or -stān) (Hindi spelling -इस्तान or -स्तान)

  1. -istan, -stan

Derived terms

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