Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-
Proto-Indo-European
editAlternative forms
editRoot
edit*steh₂- (perfective)
- to stand (up)
Derived terms
edit- *stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)[1]
- *stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- *st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)[1][7]
- *stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)[1][8][9][10]
- *ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)
- *steyh₂-
- *st-n̥é-h₂-[11]
- *sth₂-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei
- Proto-Slavic: *stojati ⇐ earlier *stojěti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei
- *sth₂-éh₁-ye-ti (thematic eh₁-stative)[12]
- Proto-Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)
- *stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)[1][13]
- *steh₂-tleh₂[14]
- *sth₂-dʰló-
- *steh₂-gʰo-s[15]
- *steh₂-l-o-
- *sth₂-e-lo-m or *sth₂-o-lo-m[16][17]
- *stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s
- *steh₂-mo-s[12]
- Proto-Italic: *stāmos
- Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei
- Proto-Italic: *stāmos
- *stéh₂-mō ~ sth₂-m̥nés[19]
- *stóh₂-mo-s[20]
- *stéh₂-no-m[21][22]
- *sth₂-nó-s[23][24]
- Proto-Albanian: *stana (see there for further descendants)
- *sth₂-ró-s[25][26]
- *stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s
- *sth₂-tós[6][27]
- *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s[12]
- *stéh₂-wr̥[28]
- *sth₂-wéh₂
- ⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰuHnáH (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *sth₂-uh₂-néh₂
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-
- Albanian: shtyllë (pillar)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai
- Proto-Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
- Welsh: sefyll
- Hellenic:
- Indo-Iranian:
- Phrygian: εσταες (estaes) (augmented with *h₁e-)
- Proto-Tocharian: *stäm-[29]
- Proto-Albanian: *stūlā-, *stūlwā-
- Suffixed form *steh₂dʰ(h₁)-
- >? *sth₂dʰ-mó-s
- *stéh₂dʰh₁-om (“herd”)[30]
- *sth₂-né-dʰh₁-ti ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰh₁-énti (extended nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *stéh₂w-eh₂-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwēˀtei, *stāˀwā́ˀtei
- *steh₂w-éye-ti (causative)[33][34]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei
- Proto-Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *stōjaną (“to stow”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei
- *steh₂u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)
- *stoh₂w-ih₂ (collective)[36]
- *stoh₂w-éh₂
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás
- Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás
Descendants
edit- Sanskrit: स्था (sthā)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 590-592
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 601
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 338
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[2] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 378
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 373–74
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shtoj”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 440: “IE”
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 589-590
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 354–55
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 426
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 662
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 371
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[4] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στέαρ, στέατος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1392–1393
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “stäm-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 184-186
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàdo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 464-465
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 199
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “στοᾱ́”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1407