Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-
Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
RootEdit
*steh₂- (perfective)
- to stand (up)
Derived termsEdit
- *stéh₂-t ~ *sth₂-ént (athematic root aorist)[1]
- *stí-steh₂-ti ~ *stí-sth₂-n̥ti (athematic reduplicated present)[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- *st-né-h₂-ti ~ *st-n̥-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)[1][7]
- *stéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)[1][8][9][10]
- *ste-stóh₂-e ~ *ste-sth₂-ḗr (stative)
- *sth₂-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)
- Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei
- Slavic: *stojati ⇐ earlier *stojěti (see there for further descendants)
- Balto-Slavic: *stajḗˀtei
- *sth₂-éh₁-ye-ti (thematic eh₁-stative)[11]
- Italic: *staēō (see there for further descendants)
- *stoh₂-éye-ti (causative)[1][12]
- *steh₂-tleh₂[13]
- *sth₂-dʰló-m
- *steh₂-gʰo-s[14]
- *sth₂-e-lo-m[15][16]
- Balto-Slavic: *stála (see there for further descendants)
- *stéh₂-mn̥ ~ *sth₂-mén-s
- *steh₂-mo-s[11]
- Italic: *stāmos
- Umbrian: stahmei, stahmito, stahmitei, stahmietei
- Italic: *stāmos
- *stéh₂-mō ~ sth₂-m̥nés[17]
- *stóh₂-mo-s[18]
- *stéh₂-no-m[19][20]
- *sth₂-nó-s[21][22]
- Albanian: *stana (see there for further descendants)
- *sth₂-ró-s[23][24]
- *stéh₂-ti-s ~ *sth₂-téy-s
- *sth₂-tós[6][25]
- *stéh₂-tu-s ~ *sth₂-téw-s[11]
- *stéh₂-wr̥[26]
- Unsorted formations:
- Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: stāds (“plant, seedling”)
- Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: postātwei, postānimai
- Celtic: *stagnos (“tin”) (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *stamniz (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *stōlaz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- Indo-Iranian:
- Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: stûn (“column, pillar”), rawe-STÎN (“to stand, to stop”), rawe-STANDIN (“to cause to stand/stop”)
- Persian: ایستادن (istadæn)
- Ossetian: стын (styn)
- Iranian:
- Phrygian: εσταες (estaes) (augmented with *h₁e-)
- Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: stamalñe
- Balto-Slavic:
- Extended form *steh₂dʰh₁-
- *sth₂dʰh₁-mó-s
- *stéh₂dʰh₁-om (“herd”)[27]
- *sth₂-né-dʰh₁-ti ~ *sth₂-n̥-dʰh₁-énti (extended nasal-infix present)
- Germanic: *standaną (see there for further descendants)
- *stéh₂w-eh₂-ti
- Balto-Slavic: *stāˀwā́ˀtei
- Germanic: *stōwijaną (see there for further descendants)
- *steh₂w-éye-ti (causative)[30][31]
- Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei
- Slavic: *stàviti (“to place, to put”) (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *stōwijaną (“to stow”)[32] (see there for further descendants)
- Balto-Slavic: *stā́ˀwīˀtei
- *steh₂-u-rós, *st-u-h₂-rós (with laryngeal metathesis)
- *stoh₂-w-ih₂ (collective)[34]
- *steh₂-weh₂ or *stoh₂-weh₂
- *steh₂w-e-ró-s
- Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás
- Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás
- Sanskrit: स्थावर (sthāvará)
- Indo-Aryan: *staHwarás
- Indo-Iranian: *staHwarás
- Unsorted formations:
- Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
- Iranian: [Term?]
- Persian: ستاوند (sotâvand)
- Iranian: [Term?]
- Indo-Iranian: [Term?]
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rix, Helmut, editor, Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2001, →ISBN, pages 590-592
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W., Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, 2004
- ^ Ringe, Donald, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P., “ἵστημι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010, →ISBN, page 601
- ^ Matasović, Ranko, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, 2009, →ISBN, page 338
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 De Vaan, Michiel, “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 567
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl, “shtãj”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[3] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, 1997, page 378
- ^ Matasović, Ranko, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, 2009, →ISBN, pages 373–74
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 430
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 De Vaan, Michiel, “stō, stāre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, pages 589-590
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stojati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 468
- ^ Matasović, Ranko, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, 2009, →ISBN, page 354–55
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 429
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stòlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 426
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 433
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 433
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stânъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 429
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl, “shtãnzë”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[5] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, 1997, page 371
- ^ Orel, Vladimir, “shtazë, shtëzë ~ shtâzë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, 1998, →ISBN
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stàrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 465
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl, “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)[6] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, 1997, page 260
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P., “στέαρ, στέατος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010, →ISBN, pages 1392–1393
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stàdo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 464-465
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel, “īnstaurō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[7], Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 305
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P., “σταυρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010, →ISBN, page 1391
- ^ Derksen, Rick, “*stàviti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2008, →ISBN, page 466
- ^ Derksen, Rick, Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2015, →ISBN, page 430
- ^ Orel, Vladimir, “stōwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[8], Leiden: Brill, 2003, →ISBN, page 379
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette, The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999, page 199
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P., “στοᾱ́”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010, →ISBN, page 1407
- ^ Kroonen, Guus, “*stōō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2013, →ISBN, page 481