Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwštʰas (lip), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (mouth). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬀(-𐬗𐬀) (aošta(-ca), upper lip), 𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (aoštra, two lips), Proto-Slavic *ūstà (lip, mouth). See also आस् (ā́s, mouth).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ओष्ठ (óṣṭha) stemm [1]

  1. lip (generally in dual)
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.39.6:
      ओष्ठाविव मध्वास्ने वदन्ता स्तनाविव पिप्यतं जीवसे नः।
      नासेव नस्तन्वो रक्षितारा कर्णाविव सुश्रुता भूतमस्मे॥
      oṣṭhāviva madhvāsne vadantā stanāviva pipyataṃ jīvase naḥ.
      nāseva nastanvo rakṣitārā karṇāviva suśrutā bhūtamasme.
      Even as two lips that with the mouth speak honey, even as two breasts that nourish our existence,
      Like the two nostrils that protect our being, be to us as our ears that hear distinctly.
  2. the forepart of an Agnikuṇḍa

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of ओष्ठ
singular dual plural
nominative ओष्ठः (óṣṭhaḥ) ओष्ठौ (óṣṭhau)
ओष्ठा¹ (óṣṭhā¹)
ओष्ठाः (óṣṭhāḥ)
ओष्ठासः¹ (óṣṭhāsaḥ¹)
accusative ओष्ठम् (óṣṭham) ओष्ठौ (óṣṭhau)
ओष्ठा¹ (óṣṭhā¹)
ओष्ठान् (óṣṭhān)
instrumental ओष्ठेन (óṣṭhena) ओष्ठाभ्याम् (óṣṭhābhyām) ओष्ठैः (óṣṭhaiḥ)
ओष्ठेभिः¹ (óṣṭhebhiḥ¹)
dative ओष्ठाय (óṣṭhāya) ओष्ठाभ्याम् (óṣṭhābhyām) ओष्ठेभ्यः (óṣṭhebhyaḥ)
ablative ओष्ठात् (óṣṭhāt) ओष्ठाभ्याम् (óṣṭhābhyām) ओष्ठेभ्यः (óṣṭhebhyaḥ)
genitive ओष्ठस्य (óṣṭhasya) ओष्ठयोः (óṣṭhayoḥ) ओष्ठानाम् (óṣṭhānām)
locative ओष्ठे (óṣṭhe) ओष्ठयोः (óṣṭhayoḥ) ओष्ठेषु (óṣṭheṣu)
vocative ओष्ठ (óṣṭha) ओष्ठौ (óṣṭhau)
ओष्ठा¹ (óṣṭhā¹)
ओष्ठाः (óṣṭhāḥ)
ओष्ठासः¹ (óṣṭhāsaḥ¹)
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants with initial h- are attributed to influence from अधरौष्ठ (adharauṣṭha, lower lip) or a compound of similar nature prefixed by अधम (adhama, lower) (which may also explain nasalization). For Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀞 (hŏṭṭha), 𑀳𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀞 (huṭṭha), K. R. Norman suggested an early contraction of अधरौष्ठ (adharauṣṭha) to *𑀅𑀥𑀑𑀱𑁆𑀞 (*adhaoṣṭha).[2]

Noun

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Coccinia grandis in fruit

ओष्ठ (oṣṭha) stemf

  1. (botany) Coccinia grandis (to whose red fruits lips are commonly compared)

References

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  1. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “ओष्ठ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 236.
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “oṣṭha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press