कलश

Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கலம் (kalam).^[1] Alternatively see Old Armenian կարաս (karas, “water-jar”) for possible connections. Compare also Ancient Greek κύλιξ (kúlix, “a wine cup”) and Latin calix (“cup, chalice”).

कलश • (kaláśa) stem, m

a water-pot, pitcher, jar, dish (the breasts of a woman are frequently compared to jars)
a butter-tub, churn
a particular measure, same as a द्रोण (droṇa)
a round pinnacle on the top of a temple, especially the pinnacle crowning a Buddhist Caitya or stupa

Masculine a-stem declension of कलश (kaláśa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कलशः kaláśaḥ	कलशौ / कलशा¹ kaláśau / kaláśā¹	कलशाः / कलशासः¹ kaláśāḥ / kaláśāsaḥ¹
Vocative	कलश kálaśa	कलशौ / कलशा¹ kálaśau / kálaśā¹	कलशाः / कलशासः¹ kálaśāḥ / kálaśāsaḥ¹
Accusative	कलशम् kaláśam	कलशौ / कलशा¹ kaláśau / kaláśā¹	कलशान् kaláśān
Instrumental	कलशेन kaláśena	कलशाभ्याम् kaláśābhyām	कलशैः / कलशेभिः¹ kaláśaiḥ / kaláśebhiḥ¹
Dative	कलशाय kaláśāya	कलशाभ्याम् kaláśābhyām	कलशेभ्यः kaláśebhyaḥ
Ablative	कलशात् kaláśāt	कलशाभ्याम् kaláśābhyām	कलशेभ्यः kaláśebhyaḥ
Genitive	कलशस्य kaláśasya	कलशयोः kaláśayoḥ	कलशानाम् kaláśānām
Locative	कलशे kaláśe	कलशयोः kaláśayoḥ	कलशेषु kaláśeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “kalam”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN.

Monier Williams (1899) “कलश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 260/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 321
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 179