गाथ

See also: गाथा and गूथ

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• गाथा (gāthā́)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *gaHtʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā, “form of strophe, metre, namely the collections of Zarathustra's songs”). The same PII root *gaH- gave गायति (gā́yati, “to sing”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɑː.tʰɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑː.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

गाथ • (gāthá) stem, m

1. song
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.167.6:

     आस्थापयन्त युवतिं युवानः शुभे निमिश्लां विदथेषु पज्राम् ।
     अर्को यद्वो मरुतो हविष्मान्गायद्गाथं सुतसोमो दुवस्यन् ॥

     āsthāpayanta yuvatiṃ yuvānaḥ śubhe nimiślāṃ vidatheṣu pajrām.
     arko yadvo maruto haviṣmāngāyadgāthaṃ sutasomo duvasyan.

     Upon their car the young men set the Maiden wedded to glory, mighty in assemblies,
     When your song, Maruts, rose, and, with oblation, the Soma-pourer sang his hymn in worship.

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 9.11.4:

     बभ्रवे नु स्वतवसेऽरुणाय दिविस्पृशे ।
     सोमाय गाथमर्चत ॥

     babhrave nu svatavaseʼruṇāya divispṛśe.
     somāya gāthamarcata.

     Sing a praise-song to Soma brown of hue, of independent might.
     The Red, who reaches up to heaven.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गाथ
Nom. sg.	गाथः (gāthaḥ)
Gen. sg.	गाथस्य (gāthasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गाथः (gāthaḥ)	गाथौ (gāthau)	गाथाः (gāthāḥ)
Vocative	गाथ (gātha)	गाथौ (gāthau)	गाथाः (gāthāḥ)
Accusative	गाथम् (gātham)	गाथौ (gāthau)	गाथान् (gāthān)
Instrumental	गाथेन (gāthena)	गाथाभ्याम् (gāthābhyām)	गाथैः (gāthaiḥ)
Dative	गाथाय (gāthāya)	गाथाभ्याम् (gāthābhyām)	गाथेभ्यः (gāthebhyaḥ)
Ablative	गाथात् (gāthāt)	गाथाभ्याम् (gāthābhyām)	गाथेभ्यः (gāthebhyaḥ)
Genitive	गाथस्य (gāthasya)	गाथयोः (gāthayoḥ)	गाथानाम् (gāthānām)
Locative	गाथे (gāthe)	गाथयोः (gāthayoḥ)	गाथेषु (gātheṣu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गाथ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0352.