नद्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• নদ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬦᬤ᭄ (Balinese script)
• নদ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰡𑰟𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀦𑀤𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• နဒ် (Burmese script)
• નદ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਨਦ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌨𑌦𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦤꦢ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂢𑂠𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ನದ್ (Kannada script)
• នទ៑ (Khmer script)
• ນທ຺ (Lao script)
• നദ് (Malayalam script)
• ᠨᠠᡩ (Manchu script)
• 𑘡𑘟𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠨᠠᢑ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧁𑦿𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐣𑐡𑑂 (Newa script)
• ନଦ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢥꢣ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆤𑆢𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖡𑖟𑖿 (Siddham script)
• නද් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩯𑩭 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚝𑚛𑚶 (Takri script)
• நத்³ (Tamil script)
• నద్ (Telugu script)
• นทฺ (Thai script)
• ན་ད྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒢𑒠𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨝𑨛𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“to sound, roar, bellow”), which might be sound-symbolic. Mayrhofer adduces Proto-Indo-European *nedo- (“reed”) (that is, a "resonator (plant)" > "reed"), whence नड (naḍa, “reed”) and its relatives, as descendants. Other derivatives include नदी (nadī, “river”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /nɐd/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /n̪ɐd̪/

Root

नद् • (nad)

1. to sound, thunder, roar, howl, cry
2. to resound, reverberate

Derived terms

Primary Verbal Forms

• नदति (nádati, Present)
• नदिष्यति (nadiṣyati, Future)
• नदिता (naditā, Periphrastic Future)
• अनदीत् (anadīt, Aorist)
• अनादीत् (anādīt, Aorist)
• ननाद (nanāda, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

• नद्यते (nadyate, Passive)
• नदयति (nadáyati, Causative)
• नादयति (nādayati, Causative)
• अनीनदत् (anīnadat, Causative Aorist)
• नाद्यते (nādyate, Passive of Causative)
• निनदिषति (ninadiṣati, Desiderative)
• नानत्ति (nā́natti, Intensive)
• नानद्यते (nānadyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

• नदित (nadita, Past Participle)
• नद्य (nadya, Gerund)

Derived Nominal Forms

• नद (nadá)
• नदथु (nadathu)
• नदनिमन् (nadanimán)
• नदनु (nadanú)
• नदिन् (nadin)
• नदी (nadī́, “flowing water, a river”)
• नाद (nādá)
• नादन (nādana)
• नादि (nādi)
• नादिन् (nādín)
• नानद (nānada)

Prefixed Root Forms

• अभिनद् (abhinad)
• उन्नद् (unnad)
• निनद् (ninad)
• प्रतिनद् (pratinad)
• विनद् (vinad)
• संनद् (saṃnad)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “नद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0526/1.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “नद्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 087
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “नद्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 448
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0759”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0759