কাঁড়

Assamese

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit কাণ্ড (kāṇḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kãɹ/

Noun

কাঁড় • (kãr) (classifier -ডাল)

1. arrow

Declension

Declension of কাঁড়
nominative	কাঁড় / কাঁড়ে kãr / kãre
genitive	কাঁড়ৰ kãror
nominative	কাঁড় / কাঁড়ে kãr / kãre
accusative	কাঁড় / কাঁড়ক kãr / kãrok
dative	কাঁড়লৈ kãroloi
terminative	কাঁড়লৈকে kãroloike
instrumental	কাঁড়ে / কাঁড়েৰে kãre / kãrere
genitive	কাঁড়ৰ kãror
locative	কাঁড়ত kãrot
Notes
Noun: Assamese nouns are indefinite. They can be both singular and plural depending on the context. They are made definite by using classifiers and plural suffixes which also make them either singular and plural. Plural: The general plural suffixes are: -বোৰ (-bür) and -বিলাক (-bilak) (less common). Others which have specific functions include -সমূহ (-xomuh), -সকল (-xokol), -হঁত (-hõt) etc. Nominative: The -এ (-e) suffix is used when the noun works as an agent and the verb is transitive. Accusative: -অক (-ok) is used for animate sense and for emphasis. No case marking otherwise. Dative 1: For direct objects -অক (-ok) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Dative 2: In some dialects -অক (-ok) or -অত (-ot) marks this case instead of -অলৈ (-oloi). Terminative: Vaguely -অলৈ (-oloi) can mark this case too. Instrumental 1: -এ (-e) is unemphatic and -এৰে (-ere) is emphatic and more common. Instrumental 2: Alternatively -এদি (-edi) is used instead of the default -এৰে (-ere) in Standard Assamese. Locative: The locative suffix is -এ (-e) in repetition of the word, with adverbs and days of the week.

See also

• ধনু (dhonu)

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Bengali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit काण्ड (kāṇḍa). Doublet of কাঁড়া (kãṛa) and কাণ্ড (kanḍo).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /kãɽ/, [ˈkãɽ], /kãɾ/, [ˈkãɾ]

• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /kaɹ/, [ˈkaɹ]
• (Vanga) IPA^(key): /kaɾ/, [ˈkaɾ], [xaɹ]

Noun

কাঁড় • (kãṛ)

1. bamboo
2. bamboo stock

Inflection

Inflection of কাঁড়
nominative	কাঁড় kãṛ
objective	কাঁড় / কাঁড়কে kãṛ (semantically general or indefinite) / kãṛke (semantically definite)
genitive	কাঁড়ের kãṛer
locative	কাঁড়ে kãṛe
	Indefinite forms
nominative	কাঁড় kãṛ
objective	কাঁড় / কাঁড়কে kãṛ (semantically general or indefinite) / kãṛke (semantically definite)
genitive	কাঁড়ের kãṛer
locative	কাঁড়ে kãṛe
	Definite forms
	singular		plural
nominative	কাঁড়টা , কাঁড়টি kãṛṭa (colloquial), kãṛṭi (formal)		কাঁড়গুলা, কাঁড়গুলো kãṛgula (colloquial), kãṛgulo (formal)
objective	কাঁড়টা, কাঁড়টি kãṛṭa (colloquial), kãṛṭi (formal)		কাঁড়গুলা, কাঁড়গুলো kãṛgula (colloquial), kãṛgulo (formal)
genitive	কাঁড়টার, কাঁড়টির kãṛṭar (colloquial), kãṛṭir (formal)		কাঁড়গুলার, কাঁড়গুলোর kãṛgular (colloquial), kãṛgulor (formal)
locative	কাঁড়টাতে / কাঁড়টায়, কাঁড়টিতে kãṛṭate / kãṛṭay (colloquial), kãṛṭite (formal)		কাঁড়গুলাতে / কাঁড়গুলায়, কাঁড়গুলোতে kãṛgulate / kãṛgulay (colloquial), kãṛgulote (formal)
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).

References

• Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “কাঁড়”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]