ḥḏ

See also: hd, H.D., hd., and HD

Egyptian

Pronunciation 1

 

• (verb infinitive): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħaːcʼ/ → /ħaːtʼ/ → /ħaːtʼ/ → /ħoːtʼ/

• (verb infinitive): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːcʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːtʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħaːtʼ/
• (verb infinitive): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħoːtʼ/

 

• (verb stative): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːcʼaw/ → /ˈħuːtʼaw/ → /ˈħuːtʼə/ → /ħeːtʼ/

• (verb stative): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːcʼaw/
• (verb stative): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːtʼaw/
• (verb stative): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħuːtʼə/
• (verb stative): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħeːtʼ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: hedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) white

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḥḏ, geminated stem: ḥḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥḏ	ḥḏw, ḥḏ	ḥḏt	ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ	ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥḏ	ḥr ḥḏ	m ḥḏ	r ḥḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḥḏ.n	consecutive	ḥḏ.jn
terminative	ḥḏt
perfective3	ḥḏ	obligative1	ḥḏ.ḫr
imperfective	ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ1
prospective3	ḥḏ	potentialis1	ḥḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḥḏ, j.ḥḏ1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḥḏ.n	—	—
perfective	ḥḏ	ḥḏ	ḥḏḏ, ḥḏḏj6, ḥḏ2, ḥḏw2 5, ḥḏy2 5
imperfective	j.ḥḏ1, ḥḏ, ḥḏy, ḥḏw5	j.ḥḏ1, j.ḥḏw1 5, ḥḏ, ḥḏj6, ḥḏy6	ḥḏ, ḥḏw5
prospective	ḥḏ, ḥḏtj7	ḥḏtj4, ḥḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• jnb-ḥḏ
• jnr ḥḏ mnḫ n rwḏt
• jnr ḥḏ nfr n rwḏt
• mꜣ-ḥḏ
• mdw-kꜣ-ḥḏ
• nḥḏt
• ḥḏw
• ḥḏ ḥr
• ḥḏ tꜣ
• t-ḥḏ

 

Pronunciation 2

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħicʼ/ → /ħitʼ/ → /ħetʼ/ → /ħetʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħicʼ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħitʼ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħetʼ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħetʼ/

Noun

 m

1. silver

Inflection

Declension of ḥḏ (masculine)

singular	ḥḏ
dual	ḥḏwj
plural	ḥḏw

Derived terms

• pr-ḥḏ

Descendants

• Demotic: (ḥt)
  • Coptic: ϩⲁⲧ (hat)

Verb

1. (intransitive) to set off at dawn

See also

Colors in Egyptian · (jwnw) (layout · text)
basic colors	(ḥḏ)	(km)	(dšr)	(wꜣḏ)
nonbasic colors	(qnjt)	(ḫsbḏ)	(jrtjw)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 198, 282.