ḥwꜣ
Egyptian edit
Pronunciation edit
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈħaːwaʀ/ → /ˈħaːwaʀ/ → /ˈħaːwə/ → /ħoːw/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /huːɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: hua
Verb edit
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3-lit.
- (intransitive) to rot, to be(come) putrid
- c. 1900 BCE – 1839 BCE, Coffin Texts, version B1C (coffin of Sepi III, Cairo CG 28083) spell 755:[1]
- wrḏ ꜥwt m ws(j)r nj wrḏ zpwj snwj nj ḥwꜣ.sn ꜣd.sn nj [bn.sn nj][2] jr mw ḏw
- The limbs in Osiris are weary, but won’t be weary, won’t be weary, they won’t putrefy or decay, [they] won’t [swell up, won’t] make foul fluid (literally, “evil water”).
Inflection edit
Conjugation of ḥwꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥwꜣ, geminated stem: ḥwꜣꜣ
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
ḥwꜣ |
ḥwꜣw, ḥwꜣ |
ḥwꜣt |
ḥwꜣ |
ḥwꜣ |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
ḥwꜣ |
ḥr ḥwꜣ |
m ḥwꜣ |
r ḥwꜣ |
suffix conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | contingent | |
aspect / mood | active | ||
perfect | ḥwꜣ.n |
consecutive | ḥwꜣ.jn |
terminative | ḥwꜣt | ||
perfective3 | ḥwꜣ |
obligative1 | ḥwꜣ.ḫr |
imperfective | ḥwꜣ | ||
prospective3 | ḥwꜣ |
potentialis1 | ḥwꜣ.kꜣ |
subjunctive | ḥwꜣ |
verbal adjectives | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | |
active | active | passive | |
perfect | ḥwꜣ.n |
— | — |
perfective | ḥwꜣ |
ḥwꜣ |
ḥwꜣ, ḥwꜣw5, ḥwꜣy5 |
imperfective | ḥwꜣ, ḥwꜣy, ḥwꜣw5 |
ḥwꜣ, ḥwꜣj6, ḥwꜣy6 |
ḥwꜣ, ḥwꜣw5 |
prospective | ḥwꜣ, ḥwꜣtj7 |
ḥwꜣtj4, ḥwꜣt4 | |
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Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 290.