ἀναγιγνώσκω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ᾰνᾰγῑνώσκω (anagīnṓskō) — Ionic, Koine

Etymology

From ᾰ̓νᾰ- (ana-, “up”) +‎ γῐγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to recognize”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.na.ɡi.ɡnɔ̌ːs.kɔː/ → /a.na.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/ → /a.na.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.na.ɡi.ɡnɔ̌ːs.kɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.na.ɡiˈɡnos.ko/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.na.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.na.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.na.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/

Verb

ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκω • (anagignṓskō)

1. (Epic, in the second aorist)
   1. (transitive) to know well, know certainly
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.216
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.205
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.734
   2. (transitive) to know again, recognize
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.250
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.91
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 2.23
      • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen
2. (Attic, of written characters, transitive) to know them again, to read
   • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Property of Eraton 9
   • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Parmenides 127D
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Antidosis 67
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.1
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 27
   • 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 118
   • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 70
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leochares 45
   • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 52
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 1
   • 3rd century CE, Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 5.73
3. (Ionic, causative, mostly in aorist, transitive) to persuade or induce one to do something
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.106
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.87
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.158
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.83
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.68
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.10
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Joints 1
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.7
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.154
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.50
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.110
   • 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, First Tetralogy 2.7

Conjugation

   Present: ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκω, ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκω	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεις	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκει	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκετον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκετον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκομεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκετε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκω	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκῃς	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκῃ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκητον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκητον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκωμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκητε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιμῐ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοις	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοι	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκοίτην	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓νᾰγῐ́γνωσκε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκέτω	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκετον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκέτων		ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκετε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκομαι	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκῃ, ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκει	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεται	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκονται
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκωμαι	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκῃ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκηται	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκησθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκησθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκώμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκησθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκωνται
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκοίμην	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιο	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιτο	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοισθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκοίσθην	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοισθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκοιντο
	imperative		ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκου	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκέσθω	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκέσθων		ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκειν				ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκεσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκων				ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκόμενος
	f	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνώσκουσᾰ				ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκομένη
	n	ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνῶσκον				ᾰ̓νᾰγῐγνωσκόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσω, ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσομαι, ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσω	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεις	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσει	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσετον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσετον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσομεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσετε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιμῐ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοις	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοι	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσοίτην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιεν
middle	indicative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσομαι	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσῃ, ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσει	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεται	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεσθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσονται
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσοίμην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιο	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιτο	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοισθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσοίσθην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοισθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσοιντο
passive	indicative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσομαι	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσῃ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσεται	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσεσθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησόμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσεσθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσονται
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησοίμην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσοιο	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσοιτο	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσοισθον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησοίσθην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησοίμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσοισθε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσειν			ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσεσθαι		ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσων			ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσόμενος		ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησόμενος
	f	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσουσᾰ			ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσομένη		ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησομένη
	n	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶσον			ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσόμενον		ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ᾰ̓νέγνων

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓νέγνων	ᾰ̓νέγνως	ᾰ̓νέγνω	ᾰ̓νέγνωτον	ᾰ̓νεγνώτην	ᾰ̓νέγνωμεν	ᾰ̓νέγνωτε	ᾰ̓νέγνωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῷς	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῷ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίης	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίη	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοῖτον, ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίητον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίτην, ᾰ̓νᾰγνοιήτην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοῖμεν, ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίημεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοῖτε, ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίητε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοῖεν, ᾰ̓νᾰγνοίησᾰν
	imperative		ᾰ̓νᾰ́γνωθῐ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώτω	ᾰ̓νᾰ́γνωτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώτων		ᾰ̓νᾰ́γνωτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνόντων
		active
infinitive		ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶναι
participle	m	ᾰ̓νᾰγνούς
	f	ᾰ̓νᾰγνοῦσᾰ
	n	ᾰ̓νᾰγνόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ᾰ̓νέγνωσᾰ (Ionic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓νέγνωσᾰ	ᾰ̓νέγνωσᾰς	ᾰ̓νέγνωσε(ν)	ᾰ̓νεγνώσᾰτον	ᾰ̓νεγνωσᾰ́την	ᾰ̓νεγνώσᾰμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνώσᾰτε	ᾰ̓νέγνωσᾰν
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσω	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσῃς	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσῃ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσητον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσητον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσωμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσητε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσαιμῐ	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσειᾰς, ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσαις	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσειε(ν), ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσαι	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσεῖτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσείτην	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσεῖμεν	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσεῖτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσεῖεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓νᾰ́γνωσον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσᾰ́τω	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσᾰτον	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσᾰ́των		ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσᾰτε	ᾰ̓νᾰγνωσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶσαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσᾱς
	f	ᾰ̓νᾰγνώσᾱσᾰ
	n	ᾰ̓νᾰγνῶσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ᾰ̓νέγνωκᾰ, ᾰ̓νέγνωσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ᾰ̓νέγνωκᾰ	ᾰ̓νέγνωκᾰς	ᾰ̓νέγνωκε(ν)	ᾰ̓νεγνώκᾰτον	ᾰ̓νεγνώκᾰτον	ᾰ̓νεγνώκᾰμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνώκᾰτε	ᾰ̓νεγνώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νεγνώκω	ᾰ̓νεγνώκῃς	ᾰ̓νεγνώκῃ	ᾰ̓νεγνώκητον	ᾰ̓νεγνώκητον	ᾰ̓νεγνώκωμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνώκητε	ᾰ̓νεγνώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοιμῐ, ᾰ̓νεγνωκοίην	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοις, ᾰ̓νεγνωκοίης	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοι, ᾰ̓νεγνωκοίη	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοιτον	ᾰ̓νεγνωκοίτην	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοιμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοιτε	ᾰ̓νεγνώκοιεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓νέγνωκε	ᾰ̓νεγνωκέτω	ᾰ̓νεγνώκετον	ᾰ̓νεγνωκέτων		ᾰ̓νεγνώκετε	ᾰ̓νεγνωκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ᾰ̓νέγνωσμαι	ᾰ̓νέγνωσαι	ᾰ̓νέγνωσται	ᾰ̓νέγνωσθον	ᾰ̓νέγνωσθον	ᾰ̓νεγνώσμεθᾰ	ᾰ̓νέγνωσθε	ᾰ̓νεγνώσᾰται
	subjunctive	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος ὦ	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος ᾖς	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος ᾖ	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένω ἦτον	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένω ἦτον	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι ὦμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι ἦτε	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος εἴην	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος εἴης	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος εἴη	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ᾰ̓νέγνωσο	ᾰ̓νεγνώσθω	ᾰ̓νέγνωσθον	ᾰ̓νεγνώσθων		ᾰ̓νέγνωσθε	ᾰ̓νεγνώσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ᾰ̓νεγνωκέναι				ᾰ̓νεγνῶσθαι
participle	m	ᾰ̓νεγνωκώς				ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένος
	f	ᾰ̓νεγνωκυῖᾰ				ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένη
	n	ᾰ̓νεγνωκός				ᾰ̓νεγνωσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Descendants

• Greek: αναγιγνώσκω (anagignósko)
• Latin: anagignōscomena

Further reading

• “ἀναγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀναγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀναγιγνώσκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀναγιγνώσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀναγιγνώσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀναγιγνώσκω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)