ἄφωνος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀ- (a-, not) +‎ φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”) +‎ -ος (-os).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /á.pʰɔː.nos/ → /ˈa.ɸo.nos/ → /ˈa.fo.nos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.pʰɔː.nos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.pʰo.nos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɸo.nos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fo.nos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.fo.nos/

Adjective

ᾰ̓́φωνος • (áphōnos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́φωνον); second declension

1. voiceless, dumb

   Synonyms: ἐνεός (eneós), κωφός (kōphós), μυνδός (mundós), μύρκος (múrkos)

2. (of children) unable to speak
3. intestate
4. (ἄφωνα (γράμματα, στοιχεῖα)) the consonants, particularly the mutes

Inflection

Second declension of ᾰ̓́φωνος; ᾰ̓́φωνον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓́φωνος áphōnos	ᾰ̓́φωνον áphōnon		ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō	ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō		ᾰ̓́φωνοι áphōnoi	ᾰ̓́φωνᾰ áphōna
Genitive		ᾰ̓φώνου aphṓnou	ᾰ̓φώνου aphṓnou		ᾰ̓φώνοιν aphṓnoin	ᾰ̓φώνοιν aphṓnoin		ᾰ̓φώνων aphṓnōn	ᾰ̓φώνων aphṓnōn
Dative		ᾰ̓φώνῳ aphṓnōi	ᾰ̓φώνῳ aphṓnōi		ᾰ̓φώνοιν aphṓnoin	ᾰ̓φώνοιν aphṓnoin		ᾰ̓φώνοις aphṓnois	ᾰ̓φώνοις aphṓnois
Accusative		ᾰ̓́φωνον áphōnon	ᾰ̓́φωνον áphōnon		ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō	ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō		ᾰ̓φώνους aphṓnous	ᾰ̓́φωνᾰ áphōna
Vocative		ᾰ̓́φωνε áphōne	ᾰ̓́φωνον áphōnon		ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō	ᾰ̓φώνω aphṓnō		ᾰ̓́φωνοι áphōnoi	ᾰ̓́φωνᾰ áphōna
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓φώνως aphṓnōs			ᾰ̓φωνότερος aphōnóteros			ᾰ̓φωνότᾰτος aphōnótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “mute consonant”): ἡμίφωνα (hēmíphōna)

Derived terms

• ἀφωνέω (aphōnéō)
• ἀφώνητος (aphṓnētos)
• ἀφωνία (aphōnía)
• ἀφώνως (aphṓnōs)

Descendants

• → French: aphone

Further reading

• “ἄφωνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄφωνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἄφωνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἄφωνος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἄφωνος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G880 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • dumb idem, page 256.
  • hushed idem, page 412.
  • inarticulate idem, page 427.
  • mute idem, page 548.
  • silent idem, page 775.
  • speechless idem, page 800.
  • voiceless idem, page 956.