ἐξέρχομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐξ (ex, “out”) + ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ek.sér.kʰo.mai̯/ → /ekˈser.xo.mɛ/ → /ekˈser.xo.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ek.sér.kʰo.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.kʰo.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.xo.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.xo.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ekˈser.xo.me/

Verb

ἐξέρχομαι • (exérkhomai)

1. to go out, come out (usually with genitive)
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.140
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 663
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.75
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.12
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 37
   • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 476
   • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 240
   • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 512
     1. (with accusative, rare)
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.29
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.104
        • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 3.14.3
     2. (absolute) to go away, march off, march out, go forth, to withdraw
        • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.576
        • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.21
        • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.36
        • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 45
     3. (with accusative) to go out on, to go through, go away to
        • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 1.2.17
        • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 50.34
        • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 505
        • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 687
   1. to stand forth and come to
      • 438 BCE, Euripides, Alcestis 640
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
      • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 226
      • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1084
   2. (with accusative)
2. (of time) to come to an end, pass, expire
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.139
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 735
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.2.2
   1. (of public officers) to go out of office
   • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 10.37, (compare Aristotle, Politics 2.11.7)
3. (of prophecies, dreams, events) to be accomplished, come true
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 216
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.107, (6.82)
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.137
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 795
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 88
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.1.5
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1011
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Problems 10.46
   1. (of words) to proceed from
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 161B
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, First Alcibiades 122E

Usage notes

ἐξέρχομαι is a suppletive verb that typically uses forms from other roots for all tenses and moods besides present indicative. For better understanding of the conjugation of ἐξέρχομαι and for further details, see ἔρχομαι (érkhomai), and εἶμι (eîmi), and ἦλθον (êlthon). Discussion of stems at ἔρχομαι Notes.

Inflection

   Present: ἐξέρχομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐξέρχομαι	ἐξέρχῃ, ἐξέρχει	ἐξέρχεται	ἐξέρχεσθον	ἐξέρχεσθον	ἐξερχόμεθᾰ	ἐξέρχεσθε	ἐξέρχονται
	subjunctive	ἐξέρχωμαι	ἐξέρχῃ	ἐξέρχηται	ἐξέρχησθον	ἐξέρχησθον	ἐξερχώμεθᾰ	ἐξέρχησθε	ἐξέρχωνται
	optative	ἐξερχοίμην	ἐξέρχοιο	ἐξέρχοιτο	ἐξέρχοισθον	ἐξερχοίσθην	ἐξερχοίμεθᾰ	ἐξέρχοισθε	ἐξέρχοιντο
	imperative		ἐξέρχου	ἐξερχέσθω	ἐξέρχεσθον	ἐξερχέσθων		ἐξέρχεσθε	ἐξερχέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ἐξέρχεσθαι
participle	m					ἐξερχόμενος
	f					ἐξερχομένη
	n					ἐξερχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐξελεύσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐξελεύσομαι	ἐξελεύσῃ, ἐξελεύσει	ἐξελεύσεται	ἐξελεύσεσθον	ἐξελεύσεσθον	ἐξελευσόμεθᾰ	ἐξελεύσεσθε	ἐξελεύσονται
	optative	ἐξελευσοίμην	ἐξελεύσοιο	ἐξελεύσοιτο	ἐξελεύσοισθον	ἐξελευσοίσθην	ἐξελευσοίμεθᾰ	ἐξελεύσοισθε	ἐξελεύσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ἐξελεύσεσθαι
participle	m				ἐξελευσόμενος
	f				ἐξελευσομένη
	n				ἐξελευσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἐξῆλθον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξῆλθον	ἐξῆλθες	ἐξῆλθε(ν)	ἐξήλθετον	ἐξηλθέτην	ἐξήλθομεν	ἐξήλθετε	ἐξῆλθον
	subjunctive	ἐξέλθω	ἐξέλθῃς	ἐξέλθῃ	ἐξέλθητον	ἐξέλθητον	ἐξέλθωμεν	ἐξέλθητε	ἐξέλθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξέλθοιμῐ	ἐξέλθοις	ἐξέλθοι	ἐξέλθοιτον	ἐξελθοίτην	ἐξέλθοιμεν	ἐξέλθοιτε	ἐξέλθοιεν
	imperative		ἔξελθε	ἐξελθέτω	ἐξέλθετον	ἐξελθέτων		ἐξέλθετε	ἐξελθόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐξελθεῖν
participle	m	ἐξελθών
	f	ἐξελθοῦσᾰ
	n	ἐξελθόν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐξελήλῠθᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξελήλῠθᾰ	ἐξελήλῠθᾰς	ἐξελήλῠθε(ν)	ἐξεληλῠ́θᾰτον	ἐξεληλῠ́θᾰτον	ἐξελήλυμεν/ἐξεληλύθαμεν	ἐξελήλυτε/ἐξεληλύθατε	ἐξεληλῠ́θᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐξεληλῠ́θω	ἐξεληλῠ́θῃς	ἐξεληλῠ́θῃ	ἐξεληλῠ́θητον	ἐξεληλῠ́θητον	ἐξεληλῠ́θωμεν	ἐξεληλῠ́θητε	ἐξεληλῠ́θωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξεληλῠ́θοιμῐ, ἐξεληλῠθοίην	ἐξεληλῠ́θοις, ἐξεληλῠθοίης	ἐξεληλῠ́θοι, ἐξεληλῠθοίη	ἐξεληλῠ́θοιτον	ἐξεληλῠθοίτην	ἐξεληλῠ́θοιμεν	ἐξεληλῠ́θοιτε	ἐξεληλῠ́θοιεν
	imperative		ἐξελήλῠθε	ἐξεληλῠθέτω	ἐξεληλῠ́θετον	ἐξεληλῠθέτων		ἐξεληλῠ́θετε	ἐξεληλῠθόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐξεληλῠθέναι
participle	m	ἐξεληλῠθώς
	f	ἐξεληλῠθυῖᾰ
	n	ἐξεληλῠθός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐξειλήλουθᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξειλήλουθᾰ	ἐξειλήλουθᾰς	ἐξειλήλουθε(ν)	ἐξειληλούθᾰτον	ἐξειληλούθᾰτον	εἰληλούθαμεν/ἐξειλήλουθμεν	ἐξειληλούθᾰτε	ἐξειληλούθᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐξειληλούθω, ἐξειληλούθωμῐ	ἐξειληλούθῃς, ἐξειληλούθῃσθᾰ	ἐξειληλούθῃ, ἐξειληλούθῃσῐ	ἐξειληλούθητον	ἐξειληλούθητον	ἐξειληλούθωμεν	ἐξειληλούθητε	ἐξειληλούθωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐξειληλούθοιμῐ, ἐξειληλουθοίην	ἐξειληλούθοις, ἐξειληλουθοίης	ἐξειληλούθοι, ἐξειληλουθοίη	ἐξειληλούθοιτον	ἐξειληλουθοίτην	ἐξειληλούθοιμεν	ἐξειληλούθοιτε	ἐξειληλούθοιεν
	imperative		ἐξειλήλουθε	ἐξειληλουθέτω	ἐξειληλούθετον	ἐξειληλουθέτων		ἐξειληλούθετε	ἐξειληλουθόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐξειληλουθέναι
participle	m	ἐξειληλουθώς
	f	ἐξειληλουθυῖᾰ
	n	ἐξειληλουθός
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐξεληλῠ́θειν

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξεληλῠ́θειν, ἐξεληλῠ́θη	ἐξεληλῠ́θεις, ἐξεληλῠ́θης	ἐξεληλῠ́θει(ν)	ἐξεληλῠ́θετον	ἐξεληλῠθέτην	ἐξεληλῠ́θεμεν	ἐξεληλῠ́θετε	ἐξεληλῠ́θεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐξειληλούθειν (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐξειληλούθειν, ἐξειληλούθη	ἐξειληλούθεις, ἐξειληλούθης	ἐξειληλούθει(ν)	ἐξειληλούθετον	ἐξειληλουθέτην	ἐξειληλούθεμεν	ἐξειληλούθετε	ἐξειληλούθεσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

• “ἐξέρχομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐξέρχομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἐξέρχομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐξέρχομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐξέρχομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G1831 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible