Wiktionary

ἐπαινέω

Ancient Greek edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From ἐπῐ́ (epí) +‎ αἰνέω (ainéō, “to approve”).

Pronunciation edit

 

Verb edit

ἐπαινέω • (epainéō)

  1. to approve, applaud, agree, countenance
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.461:
      ὣς ἔφατ’ Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπὶ δ’ ᾔνεον ἄλλοι Ἀχαιοί.
      hṑs éphat’ Atreḯdēs, epì d’ ḗineon álloi Akhaioí.
      So spake the son of Atreus, and all the Achaeans shouted assent.
    • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.168:
      σύνθεσιν ταύταν ἐπαινήσαντες οἱ μὲν κρίθεν
      súnthesin taútan epainḗsantes hoi mèn kríthen
      Approving this arrangement, they parted company.
    • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 1616:
      ὁρᾷς; ἐπαινεῖ χοὖτος.
      horâis? epaineî khoûtos.
      Do you see? He also agrees.
    1. to praise, commend
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.34.5:
        ἥσθη τε ταῦτα ἀκούσας ὁ Καμβύσης καὶ ἐπαίνεε τὴν Κροίσου κρίσιν.
        hḗsthē te taûta akoúsas ho Kambúsēs kaì epaínee tḕn Kroísou krísin.
        Cambyses was glad to have heard this, and he praised Croesus' judgement.
      • 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 37A:
        μέγ’ ἐπαίνεντες ἀόλλεες
        még’ epaínentes aóllees
        shouting his praise by their thousands
      • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 342:
        τὰ μὲν σ’ ἐπαινῶ κοὐδαμῇ λήξω ποτέ:
        tà mèn s’ epainô koudamêi lḗxō poté:
        I thank you for all this and shall never cease to thank you.
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.25.2.[Brasidias] was the first that was praised at Sparta in this war:
        πρῶτος τῶν κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον ἐπῃνέθη ἐν Σπάρτῃ.
        prôtos tôn katà tòn pólemon epēinéthē en Spártēi.
      • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panathenaicus 118:
        ἀντὶ τῆς ὑπὸ πάντων ἐπαινουμένης
        antì tês hupò pántōn epainouménēs
        in place of the [polity] commended by all
    2. to agree or undertake to do
  2. to recommend, advise
    • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1360:
      τοιούσδ’ ἐπαινεῖς δῆτα σὺ κτᾶσθαι φίλους;
      toioúsd’ epaineîs dêta sù ktâsthai phílous?
      So then, are these the type of friends that you recommend we make?
  3. Used to decline an offer or invitation.
  4. (Rhapsody) to recite

Usage notes edit

The aorist ἐπῄνεσα (epḗinesa) is sometimes used in Attic in a present sense.

Inflection edit

   Present: ἐπαινέω, ἐπαινέομαι (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπαινέω ἐπαινέεις ἐπαινέει ἐπαινέετον ἐπαινέετον ἐπαινέομεν ἐπαινέετε ἐπαινέουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐπαινέω ἐπαινέῃς ἐπαινέῃ ἐπαινέητον ἐπαινέητον ἐπαινέωμεν ἐπαινέητε ἐπαινέωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινέοιμῐ ἐπαινέοις ἐπαινέοι ἐπαινέοιτον ἐπαινεοίτην ἐπαινέοιμεν ἐπαινέοιτε ἐπαινέοιεν
imperative   ἐπαίνεε ἐπαινεέτω ἐπαινέετον ἐπαινεέτων   ἐπαινέετε ἐπαινεόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐπαινέομαι ἐπαινέῃ,
ἐπαινέει 		ἐπαινέεται ἐπαινέεσθον ἐπαινέεσθον ἐπαινεόμεθᾰ ἐπαινέεσθε ἐπαινέονται
subjunctive ἐπαινέωμαι ἐπαινέῃ ἐπαινέηται ἐπαινέησθον ἐπαινέησθον ἐπαινεώμεθᾰ ἐπαινέησθε ἐπαινέωνται
optative ἐπαινεοίμην ἐπαινέοιο ἐπαινέοιτο ἐπαινέοισθον ἐπαινεοίσθην ἐπαινεοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινέοισθε ἐπαινέοιντο
imperative   ἐπαινέου ἐπαινεέσθω ἐπαινέεσθον ἐπαινεέσθων   ἐπαινέεσθε ἐπαινεέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐπαινέειν ἐπαινέεσθαι
participle m ἐπαινέων ἐπαινεόμενος
f ἐπαινέουσᾰ ἐπαινεομένη
n ἐπαινέον ἐπαινεόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: ἐπαινῶ, ἐπαινοῦμαι (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπαινῶ ἐπαινεῖς ἐπαινεῖ ἐπαινεῖτον ἐπαινεῖτον ἐπαινοῦμεν ἐπαινεῖτε ἐπαινοῦσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐπαινῶ ἐπαινῇς ἐπαινῇ ἐπαινῆτον ἐπαινῆτον ἐπαινῶμεν ἐπαινῆτε ἐπαινῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινοίην,
ἐπαινοῖμῐ 		ἐπαινοίης,
ἐπαινοῖς 		ἐπαινοίη,
ἐπαινοῖ 		ἐπαινοῖτον,
ἐπαινοίητον 		ἐπαινοίτην,
ἐπαινοιήτην 		ἐπαινοῖμεν,
ἐπαινοίημεν 		ἐπαινοῖτε,
ἐπαινοίητε 		ἐπαινοῖεν,
ἐπαινοίησᾰν
imperative   ἐπαίνει ἐπαινείτω ἐπαινεῖτον ἐπαινείτων   ἐπαινεῖτε ἐπαινούντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐπαινοῦμαι ἐπαινεῖ,
ἐπαινῇ 		ἐπαινεῖται ἐπαινεῖσθον ἐπαινεῖσθον ἐπαινούμεθᾰ ἐπαινεῖσθε ἐπαινοῦνται
subjunctive ἐπαινῶμαι ἐπαινῇ ἐπαινῆται ἐπαινῆσθον ἐπαινῆσθον ἐπαινώμεθᾰ ἐπαινῆσθε ἐπαινῶνται
optative ἐπαινοίμην ἐπαινοῖο ἐπαινοῖτο ἐπαινοῖσθον ἐπαινοίσθην ἐπαινοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινοῖσθε ἐπαινοῖντο
imperative   ἐπαινοῦ ἐπαινείσθω ἐπαινεῖσθον ἐπαινείσθων   ἐπαινεῖσθε ἐπαινείσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐπαινεῖν ἐπαινεῖσθαι
participle m ἐπαινῶν ἐπαινούμενος
f ἐπαινοῦσᾰ ἐπαινουμένη
n ἐπαινοῦν ἐπαινούμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐπῄνεον, ἐπῃνεόμην (Uncontracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπῄνεον ἐπῄνεες ἐπῄνεε(ν) ἐπῃνέετον ἐπῃνεέτην ἐπῃνέομεν ἐπῃνέετε ἐπῄνεον
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐπῃνεόμην ἐπῃνέου ἐπῃνέετο ἐπῃνέεσθον ἐπῃνεέσθην ἐπῃνεόμεθᾰ ἐπῃνέεσθε ἐπῃνέοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐπῄνουν, ἐπῃνούμην (Contracted)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπῄνουν ἐπῄνεις ἐπῄνει ἐπῃνεῖτον ἐπῃνείτην ἐπῃνοῦμεν ἐπῃνεῖτε ἐπῄνουν
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐπῃνούμην ἐπῃνοῦ ἐπῃνεῖτο ἐπῃνεῖσθον ἐπῃνείσθην ἐπῃνούμεθᾰ ἐπῃνεῖσθε ἐπῃνοῦντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐπαινέσω, ἐπαινέσομαι, ἐπαινεθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπαινέσω ἐπαινέσεις ἐπαινέσει ἐπαινέσετον ἐπαινέσετον ἐπαινέσομεν ἐπαινέσετε ἐπαινέσουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινέσοιμῐ ἐπαινέσοις ἐπαινέσοι ἐπαινέσοιτον ἐπαινεσοίτην ἐπαινέσοιμεν ἐπαινέσοιτε ἐπαινέσοιεν
middle indicative ἐπαινέσομαι ἐπαινέσῃ,
ἐπαινέσει 		ἐπαινέσεται ἐπαινέσεσθον ἐπαινέσεσθον ἐπαινεσόμεθᾰ ἐπαινέσεσθε ἐπαινέσονται
optative ἐπαινεσοίμην ἐπαινέσοιο ἐπαινέσοιτο ἐπαινέσοισθον ἐπαινεσοίσθην ἐπαινεσοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινέσοισθε ἐπαινέσοιντο
passive indicative ἐπαινεθήσομαι ἐπαινεθήσῃ ἐπαινεθήσεται ἐπαινεθήσεσθον ἐπαινεθήσεσθον ἐπαινεθησόμεθᾰ ἐπαινεθήσεσθε ἐπαινεθήσονται
optative ἐπαινεθησοίμην ἐπαινεθήσοιο ἐπαινεθήσοιτο ἐπαινεθήσοισθον ἐπαινεθησοίσθην ἐπαινεθησοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινεθήσοισθε ἐπαινεθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπαινέσειν ἐπαινέσεσθαι ἐπαινεθήσεσθαι
participle m ἐπαινέσων ἐπαινεσόμενος ἐπαινεθησόμενος
f ἐπαινέσουσᾰ ἐπαινεσομένη ἐπαινεθησομένη
n ἐπαινέσον ἐπαινεσόμενον ἐπαινεθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐπαινήσω, ἐπαινήσομαι, ἐπαινηθήσομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπαινήσω ἐπαινήσεις ἐπαινήσει ἐπαινήσετον ἐπαινήσετον ἐπαινήσομεν ἐπαινήσετε ἐπαινήσουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινήσοιμῐ ἐπαινήσοις ἐπαινήσοι ἐπαινήσοιτον ἐπαινησοίτην ἐπαινήσοιμεν ἐπαινήσοιτε ἐπαινήσοιεν
middle indicative ἐπαινήσομαι ἐπαινήσῃ,
ἐπαινήσει 		ἐπαινήσεται ἐπαινήσεσθον ἐπαινήσεσθον ἐπαινησόμεθᾰ ἐπαινήσεσθε ἐπαινήσονται
optative ἐπαινησοίμην ἐπαινήσοιο ἐπαινήσοιτο ἐπαινήσοισθον ἐπαινησοίσθην ἐπαινησοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινήσοισθε ἐπαινήσοιντο
passive indicative ἐπαινηθήσομαι ἐπαινηθήσῃ ἐπαινηθήσεται ἐπαινηθήσεσθον ἐπαινηθήσεσθον ἐπαινηθησόμεθᾰ ἐπαινηθήσεσθε ἐπαινηθήσονται
optative ἐπαινηθησοίμην ἐπαινηθήσοιο ἐπαινηθήσοιτο ἐπαινηθήσοισθον ἐπαινηθησοίσθην ἐπαινηθησοίμεθᾰ ἐπαινηθήσοισθε ἐπαινηθήσοιντο
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπαινήσειν ἐπαινήσεσθαι ἐπαινηθήσεσθαι
participle m ἐπαινήσων ἐπαινησόμενος ἐπαινηθησόμενος
f ἐπαινήσουσᾰ ἐπαινησομένη ἐπαινηθησομένη
n ἐπαινῆσον ἐπαινησόμενον ἐπαινηθησόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐπῄνεσᾰ, ἐπῃνεσᾰ́μην, ἐπῃνέθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπῄνεσᾰ ἐπῄνεσᾰς ἐπῄνεσε(ν) ἐπῃνέσᾰτον ἐπῃνεσᾰ́την ἐπῃνέσᾰμεν ἐπῃνέσᾰτε ἐπῄνεσᾰν
subjunctive ἐπαινέσω ἐπαινέσῃς ἐπαινέσῃ ἐπαινέσητον ἐπαινέσητον ἐπαινέσωμεν ἐπαινέσητε ἐπαινέσωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινέσαιμῐ ἐπαινέσειᾰς,
ἐπαινέσαις 		ἐπαινέσειε(ν),
ἐπαινέσαι 		ἐπαινέσαιτον ἐπαινεσαίτην ἐπαινέσαιμεν ἐπαινέσαιτε ἐπαινέσειᾰν,
ἐπαινέσαιεν
imperative   ἐπαίνεσον ἐπαινεσᾰ́τω ἐπαινέσᾰτον ἐπαινεσᾰ́των   ἐπαινέσᾰτε ἐπαινεσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐπῃνεσᾰ́μην ἐπῃνέσω ἐπῃνέσᾰτο ἐπῃνέσᾰσθον ἐπῃνεσᾰ́σθην ἐπῃνεσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐπῃνέσᾰσθε ἐπῃνέσᾰντο
subjunctive ἐπαινέσωμαι ἐπαινέσῃ ἐπαινέσηται ἐπαινέσησθον ἐπαινέσησθον ἐπαινεσώμεθᾰ ἐπαινέσησθε ἐπαινέσωνται
optative ἐπαινεσαίμην ἐπαινέσαιο ἐπαινέσαιτο ἐπαινέσαισθον ἐπαινεσαίσθην ἐπαινεσαίμεθᾰ ἐπαινέσαισθε ἐπαινέσαιντο
imperative   ἐπαίνεσαι ἐπαινεσᾰ́σθω ἐπαινέσᾰσθον ἐπαινεσᾰ́σθων   ἐπαινέσᾰσθε ἐπαινεσᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐπῃνέθην ἐπῃνέθης ἐπῃνέθη ἐπῃνέθητον ἐπῃνεθήτην ἐπῃνέθημεν ἐπῃνέθητε ἐπῃνέθησᾰν
subjunctive ἐπαινεθῶ ἐπαινεθῇς ἐπαινεθῇ ἐπαινεθῆτον ἐπαινεθῆτον ἐπαινεθῶμεν ἐπαινεθῆτε ἐπαινεθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινεθείην ἐπαινεθείης ἐπαινεθείη ἐπαινεθεῖτον,
ἐπαινεθείητον 		ἐπαινεθείτην,
ἐπαινεθειήτην 		ἐπαινεθεῖμεν,
ἐπαινεθείημεν 		ἐπαινεθεῖτε,
ἐπαινεθείητε 		ἐπαινεθεῖεν,
ἐπαινεθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐπαινέθητῐ ἐπαινεθήτω ἐπαινέθητον ἐπαινεθήτων   ἐπαινέθητε ἐπαινεθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπαινέσαι ἐπαινέσᾰσθαι ἐπαινεθῆναι
participle m ἐπαινέσᾱς ἐπαινεσᾰ́μενος ἐπαινεθείς
f ἐπαινέσᾱσᾰ ἐπαινεσᾰμένη ἐπαινεθεῖσᾰ
n ἐπαινέσᾰν ἐπαινεσᾰ́μενον ἐπαινεθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐπῄνησᾰ, ἐπῃνησᾰ́μην, ἐπῃνήθην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπῄνησᾰ ἐπῄνησᾰς ἐπῄνησε(ν) ἐπῃνήσᾰτον ἐπῃνησᾰ́την ἐπῃνήσᾰμεν ἐπῃνήσᾰτε ἐπῄνησᾰν
subjunctive ἐπαινήσω ἐπαινήσῃς ἐπαινήσῃ ἐπαινήσητον ἐπαινήσητον ἐπαινήσωμεν ἐπαινήσητε ἐπαινήσωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινήσαιμῐ ἐπαινήσειᾰς,
ἐπαινήσαις 		ἐπαινήσειε(ν),
ἐπαινήσαι 		ἐπαινήσαιτον ἐπαινησαίτην ἐπαινήσαιμεν ἐπαινήσαιτε ἐπαινήσειᾰν,
ἐπαινήσαιεν
imperative   ἐπαίνησον ἐπαινησᾰ́τω ἐπαινήσᾰτον ἐπαινησᾰ́των   ἐπαινήσᾰτε ἐπαινησᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐπῃνησᾰ́μην ἐπῃνήσω ἐπῃνήσᾰτο ἐπῃνήσᾰσθον ἐπῃνησᾰ́σθην ἐπῃνησᾰ́μεθᾰ ἐπῃνήσᾰσθε ἐπῃνήσᾰντο
subjunctive ἐπαινήσωμαι ἐπαινήσῃ ἐπαινήσηται ἐπαινήσησθον ἐπαινήσησθον ἐπαινησώμεθᾰ ἐπαινήσησθε ἐπαινήσωνται
optative ἐπαινησαίμην ἐπαινήσαιο ἐπαινήσαιτο ἐπαινήσαισθον ἐπαινησαίσθην ἐπαινησαίμεθᾰ ἐπαινήσαισθε ἐπαινήσαιντο
imperative   ἐπαίνησαι ἐπαινησᾰ́σθω ἐπαινήσᾰσθον ἐπαινησᾰ́σθων   ἐπαινήσᾰσθε ἐπαινησᾰ́σθων
passive indicative ἐπῃνήθην ἐπῃνήθης ἐπῃνήθη ἐπῃνήθητον ἐπῃνηθήτην ἐπῃνήθημεν ἐπῃνήθητε ἐπῃνήθησᾰν
subjunctive ἐπαινηθῶ ἐπαινηθῇς ἐπαινηθῇ ἐπαινηθῆτον ἐπαινηθῆτον ἐπαινηθῶμεν ἐπαινηθῆτε ἐπαινηθῶσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπαινηθείην ἐπαινηθείης ἐπαινηθείη ἐπαινηθεῖτον,
ἐπαινηθείητον 		ἐπαινηθείτην,
ἐπαινηθειήτην 		ἐπαινηθεῖμεν,
ἐπαινηθείημεν 		ἐπαινηθεῖτε,
ἐπαινηθείητε 		ἐπαινηθεῖεν,
ἐπαινηθείησᾰν
imperative   ἐπαινήθητῐ ἐπαινηθήτω ἐπαινήθητον ἐπαινηθήτων   ἐπαινήθητε ἐπαινηθέντων
active middle passive
infinitive ἐπαινῆσαι ἐπαινήσᾰσθαι ἐπαινηθῆναι
participle m ἐπαινήσᾱς ἐπαινησᾰ́μενος ἐπαινηθείς
f ἐπαινήσᾱσᾰ ἐπαινησᾰμένη ἐπαινηθεῖσᾰ
n ἐπαινῆσᾰν ἐπαινησᾰ́μενον ἐπαινηθέν
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ἐπῄνεκᾰ, ἐπῄνημαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐπῄνεκᾰ ἐπῄνεκᾰς ἐπῄνεκε(ν) ἐπῃνέκᾰτον ἐπῃνέκᾰτον ἐπῃνέκᾰμεν ἐπῃνέκᾰτε ἐπῃνέκᾱσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐπῃνέκω ἐπῃνέκῃς ἐπῃνέκῃ ἐπῃνέκητον ἐπῃνέκητον ἐπῃνέκωμεν ἐπῃνέκητε ἐπῃνέκωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπῃνέκοιμῐ,
ἐπῃνεκοίην 		ἐπῃνέκοις,
ἐπῃνεκοίης 		ἐπῃνέκοι,
ἐπῃνεκοίη 		ἐπῃνέκοιτον ἐπῃνεκοίτην ἐπῃνέκοιμεν ἐπῃνέκοιτε ἐπῃνέκοιεν
imperative   ἐπῄνεκε ἐπῃνεκέτω ἐπῃνέκετον ἐπῃνεκέτων   ἐπῃνέκετε ἐπῃνεκόντων
middle/
passive 		indicative ἐπῄνημαι ἐπῄνησαι ἐπῄνηται ἐπῄνησθον ἐπῄνησθον ἐπῃνήμεθᾰ ἐπῄνησθε ἐπῄνηνται
subjunctive ἐπῃνημένος ὦ ἐπῃνημένος ᾖς ἐπῃνημένος ᾖ ἐπῃνημένω ἦτον ἐπῃνημένω ἦτον ἐπῃνημένοι ὦμεν ἐπῃνημένοι ἦτε ἐπῃνημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ἐπῃνημένος εἴην ἐπῃνημένος εἴης ἐπῃνημένος εἴη ἐπῃνημένω εἴητον/εἶτον ἐπῃνημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην ἐπῃνημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν ἐπῃνημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε ἐπῃνημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
imperative   ἐπῄνησο ἐπῃνήσθω ἐπῄνησθον ἐπῃνήσθων   ἐπῄνησθε ἐπῃνήσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐπῃνεκέναι ἐπῃνῆσθαι
participle m ἐπῃνεκώς ἐπῃνημένος
f ἐπῃνεκυῖᾰ ἐπῃνημένη
n ἐπῃνεκός ἐπῃνημένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Synonyms edit

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