ἐφέδρα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.pʰé.draː/ → /eˈɸe.ðra/ → /eˈfe.ðra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pʰé.draː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈpʰe.dra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈɸe.ðra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈfe.ðra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈfe.ðra/

Noun

ἐφέδρᾱ • (ephédrā) f (genitive ἐφέδρᾱς); first declension

1. sitting by or before a place
2. siege, blockade
3. surface of a threshold
4. wood horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum)

   Synonym: ἵππουρις (híppouris)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ἐφέδρᾱ; τῆς ἐφέδρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἐφέδρᾱ hē ephédrā	τὼ ἐφέδρᾱ tṑ ephédrā	αἱ ἐφέδραι hai ephédrai
Genitive	τῆς ἐφέδρᾱς tês ephédrās	τοῖν ἐφέδραιν toîn ephédrain	τῶν ἐφεδρῶν tôn ephedrôn
Dative	τῇ ἐφέδρᾳ têi ephédrāi	τοῖν ἐφέδραιν toîn ephédrain	ταῖς ἐφέδραις taîs ephédrais
Accusative	τὴν ἐφέδρᾱν tḕn ephédrān	τὼ ἐφέδρᾱ tṑ ephédrā	τᾱ̀ς ἐφέδρᾱς tā̀s ephédrās
Vocative	ἐφέδρᾱ ephédrā	ἐφέδρᾱ ephédrā	ἐφέδραι ephédrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἐφεδράζω (ephedrázō)
• ἐφέδρανον (ephédranon)
• ἐφεδρεία (ephedreía)
• ἐφέδρευσις (ephédreusis)
• ἐφεδρεύω (ephedreúō)
• ἐφεδρήσσω (ephedrḗssō)
• ἐφεδρίζω (ephedrízō)
• ἐφεδρισμός (ephedrismós)
• ἐφεδριστήρ (ephedristḗr)

 

Descendants

• → Translingual: Ephedra

Further reading

• “ἐφέδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐφέδρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἐφέδρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette