ἠπίαλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἐπίαλος (epíalos)

Etymology

According to Strömberg, it is from ἤπιος (ḗpios, “mild, soothing”), so properly "mild fever", which would be a taboo paraphrase; this seems an improbable hypothesis. The word ἠπίολος (ēpíolos, “moth”) should not be separated from this one, as is shown by Lithuanian drugys (“fever; moth”), Albanian ethe (“fever”) with ethëzë (“moth”). Given the variation α/ο, it is probably a Pre-Greek word.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɛː.pí.a.los/ → /iˈpi.a.los/ → /iˈpi.a.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛː.pí.a.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e̝ˈpi.a.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈpi.a.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈpi.a.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈpi.a.los/

Noun

ἠπῐ́ᾰλος • (ēpíalos) m (genitive ἠπῐᾰ́λου); second declension

1. ague, fever

   Synonym: πυρετός (puretós)

2. nightmare

   Synonym: ἐφιάλτης (ephiáltēs)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἠπῐ́ᾰλος; τοῦ ἠπῐᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἠπῐ́ᾰλος ho ēpíalos	τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω tṑ ēpiálō	οἱ ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι hoi ēpíaloi
Genitive	τοῦ ἠπῐᾰ́λου toû ēpiálou	τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν toîn ēpiáloin	τῶν ἠπῐᾰ́λων tôn ēpiálōn
Dative	τῷ ἠπῐᾰ́λῳ tôi ēpiálōi	τοῖν ἠπῐᾰ́λοιν toîn ēpiáloin	τοῖς ἠπῐᾰ́λοις toîs ēpiálois
Accusative	τὸν ἠπῐ́ᾰλον tòn ēpíalon	τὼ ἠπῐᾰ́λω tṑ ēpiálō	τοὺς ἠπῐᾰ́λους toùs ēpiálous
Vocative	ἠπῐ́ᾰλε ēpíale	ἠπῐᾰ́λω ēpiálō	ἠπῐ́ᾰλοι ēpíaloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἠπιαλέω (ēpialéō)
• ἠπιαλώδης (ēpialṓdēs)

 

Further reading

• “ἠπίαλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἠπίαλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN