ἴον

See also: -ιον, ιόν, and ἰόν

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Related to Latin viola, both from a common (unknown) Mediterranean substrate. Originally *ϝίον (*wíon).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /í.on/ → /ˈi.on/ → /ˈi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /í.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.on/

Noun

ῐ̓́ον • (íon) m (genitive ῐ̓́ου); second declension

1. violet, namely sweet violet (Viola odorata)
2. synonym of κρίνον (krínon, “white lily”)
3. any flower
4. (Koine) a precious stone of dark colour

Declension

Second declension of τὸ ῐ̓́ον; τοῦ ῐ̓́ου (Heterocliton with plural dative: ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ, Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ῐ̓́ον tò íon	τὼ ῐ̓́ω tṑ íō	τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ tà ía
Genitive	τοῦ ῐ̓́ου toû íou	τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν toîn íoin	τῶν ῐ̓́ων tôn íōn
Dative	τῷ ῐ̓́ῳ tôi íōi	τοῖν ῐ̓́οιν toîn íoin	τοῖς ῐ̓́οις / ῑ̓ᾰ́σῐ toîs íois / īási
Accusative	τὸ ῐ̓́ον tò íon	τὼ ῐ̓́ω tṑ íō	τᾰ̀ ῐ̓́ᾰ tà ía
Vocative	ῐ̓́ον íon	ῐ̓́ω íō	ῐ̓́ᾰ ía
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἰάζω (iázō)
• ἴον τὸ λευκόν (íon tò leukón), λευκόϊον (leukóïon, “gilliflower”) Matthiola incana

References

• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594

Further reading

• “ἴον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἴον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἴον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἴον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter