ὕφεαρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Unexplained. Traditionally derived from φύω (phúō, “to grow”), with a prefix ὑ- (hu-), following the explanation in Hesychius, who described it as “what grows on firs”. But, since a full grade φευ- (pheu-) does not definitively occur in Greek, such a derivation is implausible. Nor is this word related to σῦφαρ (sûphar, “old, wrinkled skin”).^[1] Likely Pre-Greek, given its meaning and the ending -ᾰρ (-ar).^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hý.pʰe.ar/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)y.pʰe.ar/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.ɸe.ar/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈy.fe.ar/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.fe.ar/

Noun

ὕφεᾰρ • (húphear) n (genitive ὑφέᾰρος); third declension

(in Arcadia) mistletoe (Viscum album)
Synonym: ἰξός (ixós)

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ὕφεᾰρ; τοῦ ὑφέᾰρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὕφεᾰρ tò húphear	τὼ ὑφέᾰρε tṑ huphéare	τᾰ̀ ὑφέᾰρᾰ tà huphéara
Genitive	τοῦ ὑφέᾰρος toû huphéaros	τοῖν ὑφεᾰ́ροιν toîn hupheároin	τῶν ὑφεᾰ́ρων tôn hupheárōn
Dative	τῷ ὑφέᾰρῐ tôi huphéari	τοῖν ὑφεᾰ́ροιν toîn hupheároin	τοῖς ὑφέᾰρσῐ / ὑφέᾰρσῐν toîs huphéarsi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ὕφεᾰρ tò húphear	τὼ ὑφέᾰρε tṑ huphéare	τᾰ̀ ὑφέᾰρᾰ tà huphéara
Vocative	ὕφεᾰρ húphear	ὑφέᾰρε huphéare	ὑφέᾰρᾰ huphéara
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕφεαρ, -εαρος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1540–1541
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014) Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “27 -αρ”