おはよう

Japanese

Japanese phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Alternative spellings
御早うお早うおはよー

Etymology

Originally a compound of 御 (o-, honorific prefix) +‎ 早く (hayaku, “early”, adverb), from adjective 早い (hayai, “early”).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Modern Japanese -i adjectives formerly ended in -ki for the attributive form. This medial /k/ dropped out during the Muromachi period, both for the attributive form (-ki becoming -i) and for the adverbial form (-ku becoming -u). However, the adverbial form reverted back to -ku thereafter for most words, with the -u ending persisting in certain everyday set expressions, such as arigatō, ohayō, or omedetō, and in hyper-formal speech.

/ohayaku/ → /ohayau/ → /ohayoː/

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) おはよー [òháyóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [o̞ha̠jo̞ː]

Interjection

おはよう • (ohayō) ^{←おはやう (ofayau)^?}

good morning

Usage notes

Most often written in hiragana. May occasionally be seen spelled in kanji, generally for more formal writing. Usually followed by ございます (gozaimasu, “it is”, formal) in less casual contexts.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

おはようございます (ohayō gozaimasu)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN