거칠다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459. as Middle Korean 거츨다 (kechulta), from reconstructed Old Korean *kechil-, hypothesized on the evidence of proper noun alternation in the twelfth-century history Samguk sagi where the phonogramic sequence 居柒 (*kɨʌ t͡sʰiɪt̚) alternates with the logogram 萊 (“uncultivated”) in the names of places and individuals.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹t͡ɕʰiɭda̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [거칠다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | geochilda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | geochilda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kŏch'ilda |
| Yale Romanization? | ke.chilta |
Adjective edit
거칠다 • (geochilda) (infinitive 거칠어, sequential 거치니)
- to be rough or coarse in texture
- to be rough or coarse in manner
- (of a landscape or seascape) to be wild or desolate
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거칠다 geochilda |
거칠어 geochireo |
거칠어요 geochireoyo |
거칩니다 geochimnida |
| Past | 거칠었다 geochireotda |
거칠었어 geochireosseo |
거칠었어요 geochireosseoyo |
거칠었습니다 geochireotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거치냐 geochinya |
거칠어 geochireo |
거칠어요 geochireoyo |
거칩니까 geochimnikka |
| Past | 거칠었냐 geochireonnya |
거칠었어 geochireosseo |
거칠었어요 geochireosseoyo |
거칠었습니까 geochireotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 거칠겠다 geochilgetda |
거칠겠어 geochilgesseo |
거칠겠어요 geochilgesseoyo |
거칠겠습니다 geochilgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거칠어 geochireo |
거칠어서 geochireoseo |
거치니 geochini |
거치니까 geochinikka | |
| Contrast | 거칠지만 geochiljiman |
거친데 geochinde |
거칠더니 geochildeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 거칠고 geochilgo |
||||
| Condition | 거칠면 geochilmyeon |
거칠어야 geochireoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거칢 geochim |
거칠기 geochilgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거칠었음 geochireosseum |
거칠었기 geochireotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 거친 geochin | |||
| Future | 거칠 geochil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 거치시다 geochisida |
거치셔 geochisyeo |
거치세요, 거치셔요 geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo |
거치십니다 geochisimnida |
| Past | 거치셨다 geochisyeotda |
거치셨어 geochisyeosseo |
거치셨어요 geochisyeosseoyo |
거치셨습니다 geochisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 거치시냐 geochisinya |
거치셔 geochisyeo |
거치세요, 거치셔요 geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo |
거치십니까 geochisimnikka |
| Past | 거치셨냐 geochisyeonnya |
거치셨어 geochisyeosseo |
거치셨어요 geochisyeosseoyo |
거치셨습니까 geochisyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 거치시겠다 geochisigetda |
거치시겠어 geochisigesseo |
거치시겠어요 geochisigesseoyo |
거치시겠습니다 geochisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 거치셔 geochisyeo |
거치셔서 geochisyeoseo |
거치시니 geochisini |
거치시니까 geochisinikka | |
| Contrast | 거치시지만 geochisijiman |
거치신데 geochisinde |
거치시더니 geochisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 거치시고 geochisigo |
||||
| Condition | 거치시면 geochisimyeon |
거치셔야 geochisyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 거치심 geochisim |
거치시기 geochisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 거치셨음 geochisyeosseum |
거치셨기 geochisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 거치신 geochisin | |||
| Future | 거치실 geochisil | ||||