萊

See also: 莱

萊 U+840A, 萊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-840A ← 萉 [U+8409] CJK Unified Ideographs 萋 → [U+840B]

Translingual

Han character

萊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿木人人 (TDOO), four-corner 4490₈, composition ⿱艹來)

Derived characters

• 𢵭, 𪱉, 𨅼, 𫘗, 𦻣

Related characters

• 莱 (Simplified Chinese and Japanese shinjitai)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1041, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31262
• Dae Jaweon: page 1499, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3230, character 8
• Unihan data for U+840A

Chinese

trad.		萊
simp.		莱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 萊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (來) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
來	*m·rɯːɡ
萊	*rɯː, *rɯːs
淶	*rɯː
徠	*rɯː, *rɯːs
崍	*rɯː
郲	*rɯː, *ruːlʔ, *ruːlʔ
騋	*rɯː
猍	*rɯː
鯠	*rɯː
鶆	*rɯː
庲	*rɯː
棶	*rɯː
斄	*rɯː, *rɯ
逨	*rɯː, *rɯːs
麳	*rɯː
唻	*rɯːʔ, *rrɯː
賚	*rɯːs
睞	*rɯːs
勑	*rɯːs
誺	*rɯːs, *r̥ʰɯ, *r̥ʰɯs, *r̥ʰɯs
倈	*rɯ
憖	*ŋrɯns
猌	*ŋrɯns
麥	*mrɯːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lái (lai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄞˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loi⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lái
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lái
    • Wade–Giles: lai²
    • Yale: lái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lai
    • Palladius: лай (laj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loi⁴
    • Yale: lòih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: loi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːi̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâi
    • Tâi-lô: lâi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lai¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lai²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lai²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: loj, lojH

Rime
Character	萊	萊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	洛哀切	落代切
Baxter	loj	lojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌi/	/lʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ləi/	/ləiH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒi/	/lɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləj/	/ləjH/
Li Rong	/lᴀi/	/lᴀiH/
Wang Li	/lɒi/	/lɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑ̆i/	/lɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lái	lài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loi4	loi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯː/, /*rɯːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	萊	萊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7599	7616
Phonetic component	來	來
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*rɯː/	/*rɯːs/

Definitions

萊

1. goosefoot
2. weed (wild grass)
3. fallow field
4. (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi

Compounds

• 勞斯萊斯／劳斯莱斯 (Láosīláisī)
• 史萊姆／史莱姆 (shǐláimǔ)
• 奇萊／奇莱 (Qílái)
• 好萊塢／好莱坞
• 寇萊公／寇莱公
• 撒奇萊雅族／撒奇莱雅族 (sāqíláiyǎzú)
• 汶萊／汶莱
• 老萊娛親／老莱娱亲
• 老萊子／老莱子
• 膠萊谷地／胶莱谷地
• 草萊／草莱
• 萊克多巴胺／莱克多巴胺 (láikèduōbā'àn)
• 萊公竹／莱公竹
• 萊卡／莱卡 (láikǎ)
• 萊因河／莱因河
• 萊國／莱国 (Láiguó)
• 萊姆／莱姆 (láimǔ)
• 萊妻／莱妻
• 萊姆果／莱姆果
• 萊姆酒／莱姆酒 (láimǔjiǔ)
• 萊布尼茨／莱布尼茨 (Láibùnící)
• 萊彩／莱彩
• 萊斯庇基／莱斯庇基
• 萊斯沃斯／莱斯沃斯
• 萊特兄弟／莱特兄弟
• 萊索托／莱索托 (Láisuǒtuō)
• 萊綵北堂／莱彩北堂
• 萊茵河／莱茵河 (Láiyīn Hé)
• 萊菔／莱菔 (láifú)
• 華萊士／华莱士 (Huáláishì)
• 萊蒙托夫／莱蒙托夫
• 萊衣／莱衣
• 萊豬／莱猪 (láizhū)
• 萊頓／莱顿
• 葛萊美獎／葛莱美奖
• 蒿萊／蒿莱
• 蓬萊／蓬莱 (pénglái)
• 蓬萊仙境／蓬莱仙境
• 蓬萊仙島／蓬莱仙岛 (Pénglái Xiāndǎo)
• 蓬萊宮／蓬莱宫 (Pénglái Gōng)
• 蓬萊弱水／蓬莱弱水
• 蓬萊米／蓬莱米 (péngláimǐ)

 

References

• “Query for 萊”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	莱
Kyūjitai	萊

Kanji

萊

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 莱)

1. goosefoot
2. overgrown field

Readings

• Go-on: らい (rai)
• Kan-on: らい (rai)
• Kan’yō-on: り (ri)
• Kun: あかざ (akaza, 萊); あわち (awachi, 萊); こうがい (kōgai, 萊)

Compounds

• 萊(らい)孱(せん) (raisen)
• 萊(らい)蕪(ぶ) (raibu)
• 萊(らい)菔(ふく) (raifuku)
• 草(そう)萊(らい) (sōrai)
• 蓬(ほう)萊(らい) (Hōrai)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 萊 (MC loj|lojH).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾɛ] ~ [ɾe̞] ~ [nɛ] ~ [ne̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [래/레/내/네]

Hanja

Wikisource

萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), word-initial (South Korea) 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))

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Compounds

• 내무 (萊蕪, naemu)
• 내백 (萊伯, naebaek)
• 내복 (萊菔, naebok)
• 내부 (萊婦, naebu)
• 내수 (萊藪, naesu)
• 내의 (萊衣, nae'ui)
• 내잔 (萊孱, naejan)
• 내증 (萊蒸, naejeung)
• 내채 (萊綵, naechae)
• 내처 (萊妻, naecheo)
• 봉래 (蓬萊, Bongnae)

 

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
• Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

萊: Hán Nôm readings: lai, lài

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.