경직되다

Korean

Etymology

From 경직(硬直) (gyeongjik, “stiffness”) +‎ 되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving passive verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑik̚t͈we̞da̠] ~ [kjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑik̚t͈ø̞da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [경직뛔다/경직뙤다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gyeongjikdoeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gyeongjigdoeda
McCune–Reischauer?	kyŏngjiktoeda
Yale Romanization?	kyengciktoyta

Verb

경직되다 • (gyeongjikdoeda) (infinitive 경직돼 or 경직되어, sequential 경직되니)

1. to stiffen, become stiff or rigid, ossify

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 경직되다 (gyeongjikdoeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	경직된다 gyeongjikdoenda	경직돼 gyeongjikdwae	경직돼요, 경직되어요 gyeongjikdwaeyo, gyeongjikdoeeoyo	경직됩니다 gyeongjikdoemnida
	Past	경직됐다 gyeongjikdwaetda	경직됐어 gyeongjikdwaesseo	경직됐어요 gyeongjikdwaesseoyo	경직됐습니다 gyeongjikdwaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	경직되느냐 gyeongjikdoeneunya	경직돼 gyeongjikdwae	경직돼요, 경직되어요 gyeongjikdwaeyo, gyeongjikdoeeoyo	경직됩니까 gyeongjikdoemnikka
	Past	경직됐느냐 gyeongjikdwaenneunya	경직됐어 gyeongjikdwaesseo	경직됐어요 gyeongjikdwaesseoyo	경직됐습니까 gyeongjikdwaetseumnikka
Hortative		경직되자 gyeongjikdoeja	경직돼 gyeongjikdwae	경직돼요, 경직되어요 gyeongjikdwaeyo, gyeongjikdoeeoyo	경직되십시다 gyeongjikdoesipsida
Imperative		경직돼라, 경직되어라 gyeongjikdwaera, gyeongjikdoeeora	경직돼 gyeongjikdwae	경직돼요, 경직되어요 gyeongjikdwaeyo, gyeongjikdoeeoyo	경직됩시오 gyeongjikdoepsio
Assertive		경직되겠다 gyeongjikdoegetda	경직되겠어 gyeongjikdoegesseo	경직되겠어요 gyeongjikdoegesseoyo	경직되겠습니다 gyeongjikdoegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		경직돼 gyeongjikdwae	경직돼서, 경직되어서 gyeongjikdwaeseo, gyeongjikdoeeoseo	경직되니 gyeongjikdoeni	경직되니까 gyeongjikdoenikka
Contrast		경직되지만 gyeongjikdoejiman	경직되는데 gyeongjikdoeneunde	경직되더니 gyeongjikdoedeoni
Conjunction		경직되고 gyeongjikdoego
Condition		경직되면 gyeongjikdoemyeon	경직돼야, 경직되어야 gyeongjikdwaeya, gyeongjikdoeeoya
Motive		경직되려고 gyeongjikdoeryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		경직됨 gyeongjikdoem	경직되기 gyeongjikdoegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		경직됐음, 경직되었음 gyeongjikdwaesseum, gyeongjikdoeeosseum	경직됐기, 경직되었기 gyeongjikdwaetgi, gyeongjikdoeeotgi
Determiners	Past	경직된 gyeongjikdoen
	Present	경직되는 gyeongjikdoeneun
	Future	경직될 gyeongjikdoel

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	경직되신다 gyeongjikdoesinda	경직되셔 gyeongjikdoesyeo	경직되세요, 경직되셔요 gyeongjikdoeseyo, gyeongjikdoesyeoyo	경직되십니다 gyeongjikdoesimnida
	Past	경직되셨다 gyeongjikdoesyeotda	경직되셨어 gyeongjikdoesyeosseo	경직되셨어요 gyeongjikdoesyeosseoyo	경직되셨습니다 gyeongjikdoesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	경직되시느냐 gyeongjikdoesineunya	경직되셔 gyeongjikdoesyeo	경직되세요, 경직되셔요 gyeongjikdoeseyo, gyeongjikdoesyeoyo	경직되십니까 gyeongjikdoesimnikka
	Past	경직되셨느냐 gyeongjikdoesyeonneunya	경직되셨어 gyeongjikdoesyeosseo	경직되셨어요 gyeongjikdoesyeosseoyo	경직되셨습니까 gyeongjikdoesyeotseumnikka
Imperative		경직되시라 gyeongjikdoesira	경직되셔 gyeongjikdoesyeo	경직되세요 gyeongjikdoeseyo	경직되십시오 gyeongjikdoesipsio
Assertive		경직되시겠다 gyeongjikdoesigetda	경직되시겠어 gyeongjikdoesigesseo	경직되시겠어요 gyeongjikdoesigesseoyo	경직되시겠습니다 gyeongjikdoesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		경직되셔 gyeongjikdoesyeo	경직되셔서 gyeongjikdoesyeoseo	경직되시니 gyeongjikdoesini	경직되시니까 gyeongjikdoesinikka
Contrast		경직되시지만 gyeongjikdoesijiman	경직되시는데 gyeongjikdoesineunde	경직되시더니 gyeongjikdoesideoni
Conjunction		경직되시고 gyeongjikdoesigo
Condition		경직되시면 gyeongjikdoesimyeon	경직되셔야 gyeongjikdoesyeoya
Motive		경직되시려고 gyeongjikdoesiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		경직되심 gyeongjikdoesim	경직되시기 gyeongjikdoesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		경직되셨음 gyeongjikdoesyeosseum	경직되셨기 gyeongjikdoesyeotgi
Determiners	Past	경직되신 gyeongjikdoesin
	Present	경직되시는 gyeongjikdoesineun
	Future	경직되실 gyeongjikdoesil