stiffen

English edit

Etymology edit

From Middle English stifnen, equivalent to stiff +‎ -en.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈstɪfən/
Audio (Southern England) (file)
Rhymes: -ɪfən

Verb edit

stiffen (third-person singular simple present stiffens, present participle stiffening, simple past and past participle stiffened)

(transitive) To make stiff.
(intransitive) To become stiff.
- 2003, Yoko Ogawa, The Housekeeper and the Professor:
  Bewildered by the unexpected greeting, my son stiffened, but managed a polite answer.

Translations edit

to make stiff

Bulgarian: втвърдявам (bg) (vtvǎrdjavam)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 使僵硬
Finnish: jäykistää, jähmettää (fi), kangistaa
French: raidir (fr), endurcir (fr)
German: aussteifen, versteifen (de), verstärken (de), ertüchtigen (de), aufdoppeln
Ido: rigidigar (io)
Irish: stalc
Italian: irrigidire
Maori: whakamakiki, whakawhena
Norwegian: stivne
Portuguese: endurecer (pt)
Romanian: întări (ro)
Spanish: atiesar (es), entiesar (es), endurecer (es)
Volapük: stifükön (vo)

to become stiff

Arabic: جَمَدَ (jamada)
Bulgarian: втвърдявам се (vtvǎrdjavam se), вкочанясвам се (vkočanjasvam se)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 变硬 (zh)
Czech: ztuhnout (cs) pf, ztvrdnout pf
Danish: stivne
Finnish: jäykistyä (fi), jähmettyä (fi), kangistua (fi)
French: se raidir (fr), s’endurcir (fr)
German: versteifen (de)
Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gastaurknan)
Icelandic: stífna
Ingrian: kangeta
Irish: stalc
Latin: rigēscō
Norwegian: stivne
Portuguese: endurecer (pt)
Romanian: întări (ro)
Slovak: stvrdnúť pf, stuhnúť pf
Spanish: atiesarse (es), entiesarse (es), endurecerse (es)
Swedish: styvna (sv), stelna (sv), bli styv (sv), bli stel (sv)
Volapük: stifikön (vo)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} rigidar (se)
Spanish: ^{(please verify)} atiesarse (es), ^{(please verify)} endurecerse (es)

Anagrams edit

infefts