고되다

Korean

Etymology

고(苦) (go) +‎ 되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞dwe̞da̠] ~ [ko̞dø̞da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [고뒈다/고되다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	godoeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	godoeda
McCune–Reischauer?	kodoeda
Yale Romanization?	kotoyta

Adjective

고되다 • (godoeda) (infinitive 고돼 or 고되어, sequential 고되니)

1. to be hard, to be tough, to be arduous

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 고되다 (godoeda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	고되다 godoeda	고돼 godwae	고돼요, 고되어요 godwaeyo, godoeeoyo	고됩니다 godoemnida
	Past	고됐다 godwaetda	고됐어 godwaesseo	고됐어요 godwaesseoyo	고됐습니다 godwaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고되냐 godoenya	고돼 godwae	고돼요, 고되어요 godwaeyo, godoeeoyo	고됩니까 godoemnikka
	Past	고됐냐 godwaennya	고됐어 godwaesseo	고됐어요 godwaesseoyo	고됐습니까 godwaetseumnikka
Assertive		고되겠다 godoegetda	고되겠어 godoegesseo	고되겠어요 godoegesseoyo	고되겠습니다 godoegetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		고돼 godwae	고돼서, 고되어서 godwaeseo, godoeeoseo	고되니 godoeni	고되니까 godoenikka
Contrast		고되지만 godoejiman	고된데 godoende	고되더니 godoedeoni
Conjunction		고되고 godoego
Condition		고되면 godoemyeon	고돼야, 고되어야 godwaeya, godoeeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		고됨 godoem	고되기 godoegi
Past-tense verbal nouns		고됐음, 고되었음 godwaesseum, godoeeosseum	고됐기, 고되었기 godwaetgi, godoeeotgi
Determiners	Present		고된 godoen
	Future		고될 godoel

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	고되시다 godoesida	고되셔 godoesyeo	고되세요, 고되셔요 godoeseyo, godoesyeoyo	고되십니다 godoesimnida
	Past	고되셨다 godoesyeotda	고되셨어 godoesyeosseo	고되셨어요 godoesyeosseoyo	고되셨습니다 godoesyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고되시냐 godoesinya	고되셔 godoesyeo	고되세요, 고되셔요 godoeseyo, godoesyeoyo	고되십니까 godoesimnikka
	Past	고되셨냐 godoesyeonnya	고되셨어 godoesyeosseo	고되셨어요 godoesyeosseoyo	고되셨습니까 godoesyeotseumnikka
Assertive		고되시겠다 godoesigetda	고되시겠어 godoesigesseo	고되시겠어요 godoesigesseoyo	고되시겠습니다 godoesigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		고되셔 godoesyeo	고되셔서 godoesyeoseo	고되시니 godoesini	고되시니까 godoesinikka
Contrast		고되시지만 godoesijiman	고되신데 godoesinde	고되시더니 godoesideoni
Conjunction		고되시고 godoesigo
Condition		고되시면 godoesimyeon	고되셔야 godoesyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		고되심 godoesim	고되시기 godoesigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		고되셨음 godoesyeosseum	고되셨기 godoesyeotgi
Determiners	Present		고되신 godoesin
	Future		고되실 godoesil