고
|
KoreanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
고곡곢곣곤곥곦 곧골곩곪곫곬곭 곮곯곰곱곲곳곴 공곶곷곸곹곺곻 | |
계 ← | → 과 |
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SyllableEdit
고 • (go)
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Korean 고 (kwo) probably from Old Korean 遣, although the Old Korean phonology involved is somewhat problematic.
SuffixEdit
—고 • (-go)
- and then
- In this sense, usually a single subject governs two clauses. 고 (go) is attached to the stem of the final verb of the first clause.
- and
- In this sense, usually two clauses with different subjects express coordinated actions or descriptions. 고 (go) is attached to the stem of the final verb of the first clause.
- 나는 한국어를 공부하고, 그는 영어를 공부해요.
- Naneun han-gugeoreul gongbuhago, geuneun yeong-eoreul gongbuhaeyo.
- I am studying Korean, and he is studying English.
- (in the process of) -ing
- 저는 한국말을 공부하고 있습니다.
- Jeoneun han-gungmareul gongbuhago itseumnida.
- I am (in the process of) studying Korean.
- a suffix used to join a main verb/adjective and its auxiliary verb/adjective.
Usage notesEdit
- In the sense of “and then”, -고 and -아/어서 have similar meanings. The difference is that -고 has a nuance that the actions have no particular connection to each other, whereas -아/어서 has a nuance that the next action happens precisely because the previous action made it possible.[1]
- In the sense of “and”, -고 and -며 have similar meanings. The difference is that -며 is more formal than -고.[2]
SynonymsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Examples and information from https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit1/unit-1-lessons-17-25-2/lesson-17/
- ^ Information from https://www.howtostudykorean.com/unit-3-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-3-lessons-59-66/lesson-62/
Etymology 3Edit
Cognate with -라고 (rago) used for making a direct quotation and also for an indirect quotation ending in 이다 (ida) or 아니다 (anida).
SuffixEdit
—고 • (-go)
- that (marking an indirect quotation)
Usage notesEdit
In the indirect quotation sense, -고 (go) is attached to a 해라체 (haerache, “plain”) form of the quoted verb and is followed by a clause ending in a verb related to speech or 하다 (hada, “to do”).
- If -고 (go) is attached to a plain indicative form of the verb, the following 하다 (hada) may translate as a form of “to say that...”.
- If -고 (go) is attached to a plain interrogative form (-냐 (nya)/느냐 (neunya)), the following 하다 (hada) may translate as a form of “to ask [whether, who, what, when, which, how, why]...”.
- If -고 (go) is attached to a plain imperative form (-라 (ra)), the following 하다 (hada) may translate as a form of “to command to...”.
- If -고 (go) is attached to a plain proposative form (-자 (ja)), the following 하다 (hada) may translate as a form of “to suggest to...”.
In standard Korean grammar, combined suffixes such as -다고, -냐고, -라고, -자고 are analyzed as a whole to be individual ones, therefore listed in dictionary respectively.
Etymology 4Edit
Reading of various Chinese characters
DeterminerEdit
SyllableEdit
고 • (go)