과거하다
Korean
editEtymology
edit과거(科擧) (gwageo, “civil service examination”) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwa̠ɡʌ̹ɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [과거하다]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | gwageohada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | gwageohada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kwagŏhada |
| Yale Romanization? | kwakehata |
Verb
edit과거하다 • (gwageohada) (infinitive 과거해 or 과거하여, sequential 과거하니) (intransitive)
- (historical, rare) to pass the civil service examination (in historical Korea, China, Vietnam)
- Synonym: (much more common) 급제(及第)하다 (geupjehada)
- 1795, 혜경궁 홍씨 / 惠慶宮 洪氏 (Lady Hong of the Hyegyeong Palace), 한중록 [hanjungnok, Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong]:
Conjugation
edit| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과거한다 gwageohanda |
과거해 gwageohae |
과거해요 gwageohaeyo |
과거합니다 gwageohamnida |
| Past | 과거했다 gwageohaetda |
과거했어 gwageohaesseo |
과거했어요 gwageohaesseoyo |
과거했습니다 gwageohaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과거하느냐 gwageohaneunya |
과거해 gwageohae |
과거해요 gwageohaeyo |
과거합니까 gwageohamnikka |
| Past | 과거했느냐 gwageohaenneunya |
과거했어 gwageohaesseo |
과거했어요 gwageohaesseoyo |
과거했습니까 gwageohaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 과거하자 gwageohaja |
과거해 gwageohae |
과거해요 gwageohaeyo |
과거하십시다 gwageohasipsida | |
| Imperative | 과거해라, 과거하여라 gwageohaera, gwageohayeora |
과거해 gwageohae |
과거해요 gwageohaeyo |
과거합시오 gwageohapsio | |
| Assertive | 과거하겠다 gwageohagetda |
과거하겠어 gwageohagesseo |
과거하겠어요 gwageohagesseoyo |
과거하겠습니다 gwageohagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과거해 gwageohae |
과거해서, 과거하여서 gwageohaeseo, gwageohayeoseo |
과거하니 gwageohani |
과거하니까 gwageohanikka | |
| Contrast | 과거하지만 gwageohajiman |
과거하는데 gwageohaneunde |
과거하더니 gwageohadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과거하고 gwageohago |
||||
| Condition | 과거하면 gwageohamyeon |
과거해야, 과거하여야 gwageohaeya, gwageohayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과거하려고 gwageoharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과거함 gwageoham |
과거하기 gwageohagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과거했음, 과거하였음 gwageohaesseum, gwageohayeosseum |
과거했기, 과거하였기 gwageohaetgi, gwageohayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과거한 gwageohan | |||
| Present | 과거하는 gwageohaneun | ||||
| Future | 과거할 gwageohal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 과거하신다 gwageohasinda |
과거하셔 gwageohasyeo |
과거하세요, 과거하셔요 gwageohaseyo, gwageohasyeoyo |
과거하십니다 gwageohasimnida |
| Past | 과거하셨다 gwageohasyeotda |
과거하셨어 gwageohasyeosseo |
과거하셨어요 gwageohasyeosseoyo |
과거하셨습니다 gwageohasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 과거하시느냐 gwageohasineunya |
과거하셔 gwageohasyeo |
과거하세요, 과거하셔요 gwageohaseyo, gwageohasyeoyo |
과거하십니까 gwageohasimnikka |
| Past | 과거하셨느냐 gwageohasyeonneunya |
과거하셨어 gwageohasyeosseo |
과거하셨어요 gwageohasyeosseoyo |
과거하셨습니까 gwageohasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 과거하시라 gwageohasira |
과거하셔 gwageohasyeo |
과거하세요 gwageohaseyo |
과거하십시오 gwageohasipsio | |
| Assertive | 과거하시겠다 gwageohasigetda |
과거하시겠어 gwageohasigesseo |
과거하시겠어요 gwageohasigesseoyo |
과거하시겠습니다 gwageohasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 과거하셔 gwageohasyeo |
과거하셔서 gwageohasyeoseo |
과거하시니 gwageohasini |
과거하시니까 gwageohasinikka | |
| Contrast | 과거하시지만 gwageohasijiman |
과거하시는데 gwageohasineunde |
과거하시더니 gwageohasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 과거하시고 gwageohasigo |
||||
| Condition | 과거하시면 gwageohasimyeon |
과거하셔야 gwageohasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 과거하시려고 gwageohasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 과거하심 gwageohasim |
과거하시기 gwageohasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 과거하셨음 gwageohasyeosseum |
과거하셨기 gwageohasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 과거하신 gwageohasin | |||
| Present | 과거하시는 gwageohasineun | ||||
| Future | 과거하실 gwageohasil | ||||