불구하다

Korean

Etymology

불구(不拘) (bulgu) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [puɭɡuɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [불구하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	bulguhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	bulguhada
McCune–Reischauer?	pulguhada
Yale Romanization?	pul.kwuhata

Verb

불구하다 • (bulguhada) (infinitive 불구해 or 불구하여, sequential 불구하니)

1. (intransitive) to be despite something; nonetheless

Usage notes

• Often used adverbially in the structure X 에도 불구하고, Y: "despite X, Y." Overuse of this structure is typically considered a sign of translationese from European languages.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 불구하다 (bulguhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	불구한다 bulguhanda	불구해 bulguhae	불구해요 bulguhaeyo	불구합니다 bulguhamnida
	Past	불구했다 bulguhaetda	불구했어 bulguhaesseo	불구했어요 bulguhaesseoyo	불구했습니다 bulguhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	불구하느냐 bulguhaneunya	불구해 bulguhae	불구해요 bulguhaeyo	불구합니까 bulguhamnikka
	Past	불구했느냐 bulguhaenneunya	불구했어 bulguhaesseo	불구했어요 bulguhaesseoyo	불구했습니까 bulguhaetseumnikka
Hortative		불구하자 bulguhaja	불구해 bulguhae	불구해요 bulguhaeyo	불구하십시다 bulguhasipsida
Imperative		불구해라, 불구하여라 bulguhaera, bulguhayeora	불구해 bulguhae	불구해요 bulguhaeyo	불구합시오 bulguhapsio
Assertive		불구하겠다 bulguhagetda	불구하겠어 bulguhagesseo	불구하겠어요 bulguhagesseoyo	불구하겠습니다 bulguhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		불구해 bulguhae	불구해서, 불구하여서 bulguhaeseo, bulguhayeoseo	불구하니 bulguhani	불구하니까 bulguhanikka
Contrast		불구하지만 bulguhajiman	불구하는데 bulguhaneunde	불구하더니 bulguhadeoni
Conjunction		불구하고 bulguhago
Condition		불구하면 bulguhamyeon	불구해야, 불구하여야 bulguhaeya, bulguhayeoya
Motive		불구하려고 bulguharyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		불구함 bulguham	불구하기 bulguhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		불구했음, 불구하였음 bulguhaesseum, bulguhayeosseum	불구했기, 불구하였기 bulguhaetgi, bulguhayeotgi
Determiners	Past	불구한 bulguhan
	Present	불구하는 bulguhaneun
	Future	불구할 bulguhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	불구하신다 bulguhasinda	불구하셔 bulguhasyeo	불구하세요, 불구하셔요 bulguhaseyo, bulguhasyeoyo	불구하십니다 bulguhasimnida
	Past	불구하셨다 bulguhasyeotda	불구하셨어 bulguhasyeosseo	불구하셨어요 bulguhasyeosseoyo	불구하셨습니다 bulguhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	불구하시느냐 bulguhasineunya	불구하셔 bulguhasyeo	불구하세요, 불구하셔요 bulguhaseyo, bulguhasyeoyo	불구하십니까 bulguhasimnikka
	Past	불구하셨느냐 bulguhasyeonneunya	불구하셨어 bulguhasyeosseo	불구하셨어요 bulguhasyeosseoyo	불구하셨습니까 bulguhasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		불구하시라 bulguhasira	불구하셔 bulguhasyeo	불구하세요 bulguhaseyo	불구하십시오 bulguhasipsio
Assertive		불구하시겠다 bulguhasigetda	불구하시겠어 bulguhasigesseo	불구하시겠어요 bulguhasigesseoyo	불구하시겠습니다 bulguhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		불구하셔 bulguhasyeo	불구하셔서 bulguhasyeoseo	불구하시니 bulguhasini	불구하시니까 bulguhasinikka
Contrast		불구하시지만 bulguhasijiman	불구하시는데 bulguhasineunde	불구하시더니 bulguhasideoni
Conjunction		불구하시고 bulguhasigo
Condition		불구하시면 bulguhasimyeon	불구하셔야 bulguhasyeoya
Motive		불구하시려고 bulguhasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		불구하심 bulguhasim	불구하시기 bulguhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		불구하셨음 bulguhasyeosseum	불구하셨기 bulguhasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	불구하신 bulguhasin
	Present	불구하시는 bulguhasineun
	Future	불구하실 bulguhasil