숨차다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
Univerbation of 숨 (sum, “breath”) + 차다 (chada, “to lose”).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈsʰu(ː)mt͡ɕʰa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [숨(ː)차다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | sumchada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | sumchada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | sumch'ada |
| Yale Romanization? | swūmchata |
Verb edit
숨차다 • (sumchada) (infinitive 숨차, sequential 숨차니)
- to be out of breath
Conjugation edit
Selected forms of the verb 숨차다 (sumchada): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨찬다 sumchanda |
숨차 sumcha |
숨차요 sumchayo |
숨찹니다 sumchamnida |
| Past | 숨찼다 sumchatda |
숨찼어 sumchasseo |
숨찼어요 sumchasseoyo |
숨찼습니다 sumchatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨차느냐 sumchaneunya |
숨차 sumcha |
숨차요 sumchayo |
숨찹니까 sumchamnikka |
| Past | 숨찼느냐 sumchanneunya |
숨찼어 sumchasseo |
숨찼어요 sumchasseoyo |
숨찼습니까 sumchatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 숨차자 sumchaja |
숨차 sumcha |
숨차요 sumchayo |
숨차십시다 sumchasipsida | |
| Imperative | 숨차라 sumchara |
숨차 sumcha |
숨차요 sumchayo |
숨찹시오 sumchapsio | |
| Assertive | 숨차겠다 sumchagetda |
숨차겠어 sumchagesseo |
숨차겠어요 sumchagesseoyo |
숨차겠습니다 sumchagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨차 sumcha |
숨차서 sumchaseo |
숨차니 sumchani |
숨차니까 sumchanikka | |
| Contrast | 숨차지만 sumchajiman |
숨차는데 sumchaneunde |
숨차더니 sumchadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨차고 sumchago |
||||
| Condition | 숨차면 sumchamyeon |
숨차야 sumchaya |
|||
| Motive | 숨차려고 sumcharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨참 sumcham |
숨차기 sumchagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨찼음 sumchasseum |
숨찼기 sumchatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨찬 sumchan | |||
| Present | 숨차는 sumchaneun | ||||
| Future | 숨찰 sumchal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 숨차신다 sumchasinda |
숨차셔 sumchasyeo |
숨차세요, 숨차셔요 sumchaseyo, sumchasyeoyo |
숨차십니다 sumchasimnida |
| Past | 숨차셨다 sumchasyeotda |
숨차셨어 sumchasyeosseo |
숨차셨어요 sumchasyeosseoyo |
숨차셨습니다 sumchasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 숨차시느냐 sumchasineunya |
숨차셔 sumchasyeo |
숨차세요, 숨차셔요 sumchaseyo, sumchasyeoyo |
숨차십니까 sumchasimnikka |
| Past | 숨차셨느냐 sumchasyeonneunya |
숨차셨어 sumchasyeosseo |
숨차셨어요 sumchasyeosseoyo |
숨차셨습니까 sumchasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 숨차시라 sumchasira |
숨차셔 sumchasyeo |
숨차세요 sumchaseyo |
숨차십시오 sumchasipsio | |
| Assertive | 숨차시겠다 sumchasigetda |
숨차시겠어 sumchasigesseo |
숨차시겠어요 sumchasigesseoyo |
숨차시겠습니다 sumchasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 숨차셔 sumchasyeo |
숨차셔서 sumchasyeoseo |
숨차시니 sumchasini |
숨차시니까 sumchasinikka | |
| Contrast | 숨차시지만 sumchasijiman |
숨차시는데 sumchasineunde |
숨차시더니 sumchasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 숨차시고 sumchasigo |
||||
| Condition | 숨차시면 sumchasimyeon |
숨차셔야 sumchasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 숨차시려고 sumchasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 숨차심 sumchasim |
숨차시기 sumchasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 숨차셨음 sumchasyeosseum |
숨차셨기 sumchasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 숨차신 sumchasin | |||
| Present | 숨차시는 sumchasineun | ||||
| Future | 숨차실 sumchasil | ||||