참다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄎᆞᆷ〮다〮 (Yale: chóm-tá).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ɕʰa̠(ː)mt͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [참(ː)따]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	chamda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	chamda
McCune–Reischauer?	ch'amta
Yale Romanization?	chāmqta

Verb

참다 • (chamda) (infinitive 참아, sequential 참으니)

1. (transitive) to bear; to endure

   더 이상 참을 수가 없어요. ― Deo isang chameul su-ga eopseoyo. ― I can't stand it any longer.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 참다 (chamda): consonant-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	참는다 chamneunda	참아 chama	참아요 chamayo	참습니다 chamseumnida
	Past	참았다 chamatda	참았어 chamasseo	참았어요 chamasseoyo	참았습니다 chamatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	참느냐 chamneunya	참아 chama	참아요 chamayo	참습니까 chamseumnikka
	Past	참았느냐 chamanneunya	참았어 chamasseo	참았어요 chamasseoyo	참았습니까 chamatseumnikka
Hortative		참자 chamja	참아 chama	참아요 chamayo	참으십시다 chameusipsida
Imperative		참아라 chamara	참아 chama	참아요 chamayo	참읍시오 chameupsio
Assertive		참겠다 chamgetda	참겠어 chamgesseo	참겠어요 chamgesseoyo	참겠습니다 chamgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		참아 chama	참아서 chamaseo	참으니 chameuni	참으니까 chameunikka
Contrast		참지만 chamjiman	참는데 chamneunde	참더니 chamdeoni
Conjunction		참고 chamgo
Condition		참으면 chameumyeon	참아야 chamaya
Motive		참으려고 chameuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		참음 chameum	참기 chamgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		참았음 chamasseum	참았기 chamatgi
Determiners	Past	참은 chameun
	Present	참는 chamneun
	Future	참을 chameul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	참으신다 chameusinda	참으셔 chameusyeo	참으세요, 참으셔요 chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo	참으십니다 chameusimnida
	Past	참으셨다 chameusyeotda	참으셨어 chameusyeosseo	참으셨어요 chameusyeosseoyo	참으셨습니다 chameusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	참으시느냐 chameusineunya	참으셔 chameusyeo	참으세요, 참으셔요 chameuseyo, chameusyeoyo	참으십니까 chameusimnikka
	Past	참으셨느냐 chameusyeonneunya	참으셨어 chameusyeosseo	참으셨어요 chameusyeosseoyo	참으셨습니까 chameusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		참으시라 chameusira	참으셔 chameusyeo	참으세요 chameuseyo	참으십시오 chameusipsio
Assertive		참으시겠다 chameusigetda	참으시겠어 chameusigesseo	참으시겠어요 chameusigesseoyo	참으시겠습니다 chameusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		참으셔 chameusyeo	참으셔서 chameusyeoseo	참으시니 chameusini	참으시니까 chameusinikka
Contrast		참으시지만 chameusijiman	참으시는데 chameusineunde	참으시더니 chameusideoni
Conjunction		참으시고 chameusigo
Condition		참으시면 chameusimyeon	참으셔야 chameusyeoya
Motive		참으시려고 chameusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		참으심 chameusim	참으시기 chameusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		참으셨음 chameusyeosseum	참으셨기 chameusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	참으신 chameusin
	Present	참으시는 chameusineun
	Future	참으실 chameusil

Derived terms

• 참을성 (chameulseong)