힘쓰다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 힘ᄡᅳ다 (Yale: himpsuta). From 힘 (him, “strength, power”) + 쓰다 (sseuda, “to use or expend”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çims͈ɯda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [힘쓰다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	himsseuda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	himsseuda
McCune–Reischauer?	himssŭda
Yale Romanization?	himssuta

Verb

힘쓰다 • (himsseuda) (infinitive 힘써, sequential 힘쓰니)

1. to exert oneself

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 힘쓰다 (himsseuda): vowel-stem, regular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	힘쓴다 himsseunda	힘써 himsseo	힘써요 himsseoyo	힘씁니다 himsseumnida
	Past	힘썼다 himsseotda	힘썼어 himsseosseo	힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo	힘썼습니다 himsseotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	힘쓰느냐 himsseuneunya	힘써 himsseo	힘써요 himsseoyo	힘씁니까 himsseumnikka
	Past	힘썼느냐 himsseonneunya	힘썼어 himsseosseo	힘썼어요 himsseosseoyo	힘썼습니까 himsseotseumnikka
Hortative		힘쓰자 himsseuja	힘써 himsseo	힘써요 himsseoyo	힘쓰십시다 himsseusipsida
Imperative		힘써라 himsseora	힘써 himsseo	힘써요 himsseoyo	힘씁시오 himsseupsio
Assertive		힘쓰겠다 himsseugetda	힘쓰겠어 himsseugesseo	힘쓰겠어요 himsseugesseoyo	힘쓰겠습니다 himsseugetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		힘써 himsseo	힘써서 himsseoseo	힘쓰니 himsseuni	힘쓰니까 himsseunikka
Contrast		힘쓰지만 himsseujiman	힘쓰는데 himsseuneunde	힘쓰더니 himsseudeoni
Conjunction		힘쓰고 himsseugo
Condition		힘쓰면 himsseumyeon	힘써야 himsseoya
Motive		힘쓰려고 himsseuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		힘씀 himsseum	힘쓰기 himsseugi
Past-tense verbal nouns		힘썼음 himsseosseum	힘썼기 himsseotgi
Determiners	Past	힘쓴 himsseun
	Present	힘쓰는 himsseuneun
	Future	힘쓸 himsseul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	힘쓰신다 himsseusinda	힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo	힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo	힘쓰십니다 himsseusimnida
	Past	힘쓰셨다 himsseusyeotda	힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo	힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo	힘쓰셨습니다 himsseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	힘쓰시느냐 himsseusineunya	힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo	힘쓰세요, 힘쓰셔요 himsseuseyo, himsseusyeoyo	힘쓰십니까 himsseusimnikka
	Past	힘쓰셨느냐 himsseusyeonneunya	힘쓰셨어 himsseusyeosseo	힘쓰셨어요 himsseusyeosseoyo	힘쓰셨습니까 himsseusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		힘쓰시라 himsseusira	힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo	힘쓰세요 himsseuseyo	힘쓰십시오 himsseusipsio
Assertive		힘쓰시겠다 himsseusigetda	힘쓰시겠어 himsseusigesseo	힘쓰시겠어요 himsseusigesseoyo	힘쓰시겠습니다 himsseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		힘쓰셔 himsseusyeo	힘쓰셔서 himsseusyeoseo	힘쓰시니 himsseusini	힘쓰시니까 himsseusinikka
Contrast		힘쓰시지만 himsseusijiman	힘쓰시는데 himsseusineunde	힘쓰시더니 himsseusideoni
Conjunction		힘쓰시고 himsseusigo
Condition		힘쓰시면 himsseusimyeon	힘쓰셔야 himsseusyeoya
Motive		힘쓰시려고 himsseusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		힘쓰심 himsseusim	힘쓰시기 himsseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		힘쓰셨음 himsseusyeosseum	힘쓰셨기 himsseusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	힘쓰신 himsseusin
	Present	힘쓰시는 himsseusineun
	Future	힘쓰실 himsseusil