πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

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Etymology

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From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž Proto-Germanic *sturknanΔ….

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈstΙ”rknan/

Verb

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πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gastaurknan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to become rigid
    • Mark 9:18
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπŒΉπƒπˆπŒ°π‚πŒΏπŒ· 𐌸𐌴𐌹 𐌹𐌽𐌰 πŒ²πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒ·πŒΉπŒΈ, πŒ²πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π€πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΊπ‚πŒΉπŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉπŒΈ π„πŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒΏπŒ½πƒ πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ; 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌡𐌰𐌸 πƒπŒΉπ€π‰πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ 𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌴𐌹 πŒΏπƒπŒ³π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° 𐌹𐌽𐌰, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½.
      jah ΓΎisΖ•aruh ΓΎei ina gafahiΓΎ, gawairpiΓΎ ina, jah Ζ•aΓΎjiΓΎ jah kriustiΓΎ tunΓΎuns seinans jah gastaurkniΓΎ; jah qaΓΎ sipōnjam ΓΎeinaim ei usdreibeina ina, jah ni mahtΔ“dun.
      and wherever it seizes him, it dashes him down; and he foams and grinds his teeth and becomes rigid; and I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they were not able. (RSV)

Conjugation

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Class 4 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½
gastaurknan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°
gastaurkna
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
gastaurknōda
β€”
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπƒ
gastaurknis
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gastaurknōdΔ“s
β€”
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
gastaurkniΓΎ
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
gastaurknōda
β€”
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πƒ
gastaurknōs
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gastaurknōdΔ“du
β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
gastaurknats
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gastaurknōdΔ“duts
β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ
gastaurknam
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gastaurknōdΔ“dum
β€”
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
gastaurkniΓΎ
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gastaurknōdΔ“duΓΎ
β€”
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gastaurknand
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gastaurknōdΔ“dun
β€”
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΏ
gastaurknau
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gastaurknōdΔ“djau
β€”
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gastaurknais
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gastaurknōdΔ“deis
β€”
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ
gastaurknai
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gastaurknōdΔ“di
β€”
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gastaurknaiwa
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gastaurknōdΔ“deiwa
β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gastaurknaits
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gastaurknōdΔ“deits
β€”
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gastaurknaima
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gastaurknōdΔ“deima
β€”
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gastaurknaiΓΎ
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gastaurknōdΔ“deiΓΎ
β€”
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gastaurknaina
πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gastaurknōdΔ“deina
β€”
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½
gastaurkn
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastaurknadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
gastaurknats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒΉπŒΈ
gastaurkniΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gastaurknandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gastaurknands
β€”

Further reading

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  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p.Β 130