𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌹𐌽- (in-) +‎ 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gramjan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /inˈɡramjan/

Verb

𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (ingramjan)

1. to provoke
   • 1 Corinthians 13:5:

     𐌽𐌹 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌸, 𐌽𐌹 𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐌽, 𐌽𐌹 𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰, 𐌽𐌹𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌸 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻

     ni aiwiskōþ, ni sōkeiþ sein ain, ni ingramjada, nih mitōþ ubil

     Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 ingramjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰 ingramja	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌰 ingramida	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ingramjada
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌹𐍃 ingramjis	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 ingramidēs	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 ingramjaza
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌹𐌸 ingramjiþ	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌰 ingramida	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 ingramjada
1st dual	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐍉𐍃 ingramjōs	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 ingramidēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ingramjats	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 ingramidēduts	—
1st plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌼 ingramjam	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 ingramidēdum	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ingramjanda
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌹𐌸 ingramjiþ	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 ingramidēduþ	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ingramjanda
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 ingramjand	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 ingramidēdun	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 ingramjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌿 ingramjau	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 ingramidēdjau	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjaidau
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 ingramjais	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 ingramidēdeis	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 ingramjaizau
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹 ingramjai	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 ingramidēdi	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjaidau
1st dual	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 ingramjaiwa	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 ingramidēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 ingramjaits	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 ingramidēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 ingramjaima	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 ingramidēdeima	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjaindau
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 ingramjaiþ	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 ingramidēdeiþ	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjaindau
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 ingramjaina	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 ingramidēdeina	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌴𐌹 ingramei
3rd singular	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjadau
2nd dual	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 ingramjats
2nd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌹𐌸 ingramjiþ
3rd plural	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 ingramjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 ingramjands	𐌹𐌽𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍃 ingramiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 50