𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (kaupatjan)

1. to buffet, slap

Conjugation

The past participle would be expected to follow the form of the other past tense forms, yielding *𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*kaupasts), but the single attestation of the past participle, 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (kaupatidai), contradicts this. It is not certain whether this is due to scribal error, later morphological levelling or due to some other irregularity in the verbs suffixed with -atjan.

Class 1 weak irregular
Infinitive	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 kaupatjan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰 kaupatja	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰 kaupasta	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 kaupatjada
2nd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐍃 kaupatjis	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐍃 kaupastēs	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 kaupatjaza
3rd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 kaupatjiþ	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰 kaupasta	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 kaupatjada
1st dual	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐍉𐍃 kaupatjōs	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿 kaupastēdu	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 kaupatjats	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 kaupastēduts	—
1st plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌼 kaupatjam	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 kaupastēdum	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kaupatjanda
2nd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 kaupatjiþ	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 kaupastēduþ	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kaupatjanda
3rd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 kaupatjand	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 kaupastēdun	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 kaupatjanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌿 kaupatjau	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 kaupastēdjau	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaidau
2nd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 kaupatjais	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 kaupastēdeis	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaizau
3rd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹 kaupatjai	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌹 kaupastēdi	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaidau
1st dual	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 kaupatjaiwa	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 kaupastēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 kaupatjaits	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 kaupastēdeits	—
1st plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 kaupatjaima	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 kaupastēdeima	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaindau
2nd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 kaupatjaiþ	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 kaupastēdeiþ	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaindau
3rd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 kaupatjaina	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 kaupastēdeina	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 kaupatei
3rd singular	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjadau
2nd dual	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 kaupatjats
2nd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌹𐌸 kaupatjiþ
3rd plural	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 kaupatjandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 kaupatjands	𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌸𐍃 kaupatiþs

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 74