๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ

Prakrit

edit
Prakrit numbers (edit)
10
๐‘ง
1
2ย ย โ†’ย [a], [b], [c], [d], [e] 10ย ย โ†’ย 
ย ย ย  Cardinal: ๐‘€๐‘€• (ega), ๐‘€๐‘€… (ea), ๐‘€‡๐‘€• (iga), ๐‘€๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€“ (ฤ•kka), ๐‘€‡๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€“ (ikka)
ย ย ย  Ordinal: ๐‘€ง๐‘€ฃ๐‘€ซ (pathama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ผ๐‘€ฅ๐‘€ซ (pudhama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ผ๐‘€ฅ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ซ (pudhuma), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (paแธhama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ซ (paแธhuma), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ผ๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (puแธhama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ผ๐‘€ ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ซ (puแธhuma), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ผ๐‘€Ÿ๐‘€ซ (puแธama), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ๐‘€ฎ๐‘†๐‘€ฎ (paแธhamilla), ๐‘€ง๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ฎ (pahila), ๐‘€…๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€บ๐‘€ซ (aggima)

Alternative forms

edit

Etymology

edit

Inherited from Sanskrit เคชเฅเคฐเคฅเคฎ (prathamรก). Compare Pali paแนญhama.

Adjective

edit

๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (paแธhama) (Devanagari เคชเคขเคฎ, Gujarati เชชเชขเชฎ, Kannada เฒชเฒขเฒฎ) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Ardhamฤgadhฤซ, Jain Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, ลšaurasenฤซ, Mฤgadhฤซ) (ordinal number)

  1. first

Declension

edit
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘„ (paแธhamo) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ (paแธhamaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ (paแธhame) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (paแธhameแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paแธhameแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paแธhamehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (paแธhamehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paแธhamฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paแธhamฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (paแธhamฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (paแธhamassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (paแธhamฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paแธhamฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (paแธhamammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ (paแธhame) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (paแธhamesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (paแธhamesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (paแธhama) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ (paแธhamaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (paแธhamฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paแธhamฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paแธhamฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (paแธhamฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (paแธhamฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (paแธhamฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paแธhamฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (paแธhamฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paแธhamฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (paแธhamฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paแธhamฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (paแธhamฤsu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (paแธhamฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ (paแธhame) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ (paแธhamaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paแธhamฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ (paแธhamaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paแธhamฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (paแธhameแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paแธhameแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paแธhamehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (paแธhamehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paแธhamฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paแธhamฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paแธhamฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paแธhamฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (paแธhamฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (paแธhamassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (paแธhamฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paแธhamฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (paแธhamammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚ (paแธhame) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (paแธhamesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (paแธhamesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ (paแธhama) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ (paแธhamฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paแธhamฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paแธhamฤi)

Descendants

edit
  • Sinhalese: เถดเท…เถธเท” (paแธทamu)

Further reading

edit
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 92
  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเคชเคขเคฎโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œpaแธhamaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 488