-ня

Russian

Alternative forms

• -овня (-ovnja), -отня (-otnja) — rebracketed forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьňa, from *-ьnъ +‎ *-ja.

Pronunciation

• -ня: IPA^(key): [nʲə]
• -ня́: IPA^(key): [ˈnʲa]

Suffix

-ня • (-nja) (paroxytone)

2. forms nouns denoting the place where an occupation or office is performed

   ‎ко́локол (kólokol, “bell”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎колоко́льня (kolokólʹnja, “bell tower”)

   ‎печа́тать (pečátatʹ, “to print”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎печа́тня (pečátnja, “printing house”)

   ‎ве́чер (véčer, “evening”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎вече́рня (večérnja, “vespers”)

   ‎цирю́льник (cirjúlʹnik, “barber”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎цирю́льня (cirjúlʹnja, “barbershop”)

   ‎дегтя́рь (degtjárʹ, “tar worker”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎дегтя́рня (degtjárnja, “tar works, where tar is extracted”)

3. (archaic) forms nouns denoting amassment
   2. forms nouns denoting material objects taking their shape from a particular application on them
   4. forms nouns for groups of people

      ‎сто (sto, “hundred”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎со́тня (sótnja, “a military unit of hundred”)

   6. forms nouns for groups of people

      ‎двор (dvor, “homestead, court”) + ‎-ня (-nja) → ‎дво́рня (dvórnja, “servants”)

Declension

Declension of -ня (bian fem-form soft-stem accent-a reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	-ня -nja	-ни -ni
genitive	-ни -ni	-ен -en
dative	-не -ne	-ням -njam
accusative animate inanimate	-ню -nju	-ен -en
		-ни -ni
instrumental	-ней, -нею -nej, -neju	-нями -njami
prepositional	-не -ne	-нях -njax

Suffix

ня́ • (njá) (oxytone)

1. forms nouns denoting amassment
   2. forms nouns denoting an over-repetitive action

      ‎ре́зать (rézatʹ, “to cut”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎резня́ (reznjá, “massacre”)

      ‎шепта́ть (šeptátʹ, “to whisper”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎шепотня́ (šepotnjá, “whispering”)

   4. forms nouns denoting material objects taking their shape from a particular application on them

      ‎лы́жа (lýža, “ski”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎лыжня́ (lyžnjá, “ski trail”)

      ‎рука́ (ruká, “hand”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎ручня́ (ručnjá, “sheaf, fistful”)

      ‎голова́ (golová, “head”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎головня́ (golovnjá, “brand, piece of wood burnt till only the head is left”)

   6. (rude) forms nouns for groups of people

      ‎алка́ш (alkáš, “alkie”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎алкашня́ (alkašnjá, “alkies”)

      ‎ребя́та (rebjáta, “children”) + ‎-ня́ (-njá) → ‎ребятня́ (rebjatnjá, “brats”)

Declension

Declension of -ня́ (bian fem-form soft-stem accent-b reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	-ня́ -njá	-ни́ -ní
genitive	-ни́ -ní	-не́й -néj
dative	-не́ -né	-ня́м -njám
accusative animate inanimate	-ню́ -njú	-не́й -néj
		-ни́ -ní
instrumental	-нёй, -нёю -njój, -njóju	-ня́ми -njámi
prepositional	-не́ -né	-ня́х -njáx

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ня

References

• Kiparsky, Valentin (1975) Russische historische Grammatik. Band III: Entwicklung des Wortschatzes (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 242