Appendix:Icelandic middle voice verbs

Icelandic middle voice (or mediopassive) verbs are formed by adding the ending -st to an active verb in any tense.

When this results in the occurrence of the letters ds, ðs or ts in the same syllable such that only the -s sound is pronounced, the d, ð or t is dropped, for example:

• stend (I stand) + -st = stenst (I resist)
• bregð (I brandish) + -st = bregst (I fail)
• læt (I put)+ -st = læst (I pretend)

Mediopassive present participle

The mediopassive present participle in -andist is extremely rare and normally not used. It is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses.