Appendix:Latin first conjugation

The Latin first conjugation has a stem ending in a – the infinitive ends in -āre. They descend from Proto-Italic *-āō, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

Example

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum — to love

Active indicative

Present

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amō	I love	amāmus	We love
2nd	amās	You love	amātis	You (pl.) love
3rd	amat	He/she/it loves	amant	They love

Imperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amābam	I was loving	amābāmus	We were loving
2nd	amābās	You were loving	amābātis	You (pl.) were loving
3rd	amābat	He/she/it was loving	amābant	They were loving

Future

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amābō	I will love	amābimus	We will love
2nd	amābis	You will love	amābitis	You (pl.) will love
3rd	amābit	He/she/it will love	amābunt	They will love

Perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amāvī	I (have) loved	amāvimus	We (have) loved
2nd	amāvistī	You (have) loved	amāvistis	You (pl.) (have) loved
3rd	amāvit	He/she/it/there (has) loved	amāvērunt	They (have) loved

Pluperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amāveram	I had loved	amāverāmus	We had loved
2nd	amāverās	You had loved	amāverātis	You (pl.) had loved
3rd	amāverat	He/she/it had loved	amāverant	They had loved

Future Perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amāverō	I will have loved	amāverīmus	We will have loved
2nd	amāverīs	You will have loved	amāverītis	You (pl.) will have loved
3rd	amāverit	He/she/it will have loved	amāverint	They will have loved

A form with short -i- (amāverimus) is found in some authors, e.g. Terence, Eunuchus 592, but Cicero and Catullus preferred the form with long -i-, e.g. Catullus 5.10 (with Fordyce's note).

Passive Indicative

Present

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amor	I am being loved	amāmur	We are being loved
2nd	amāris	You are being loved	amāminī	You (pl.) are being loved
3rd	amātur	He/she/it is being loved	amantur	They are being loved

Imperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amābar	I was loved	amābāmur	We were loved
2nd	amābāris	You were loved	amābāminī	You (pl.) were loved
3rd	amābātur	He/she/it was loved	amābantur	They were loved

Future

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amābor	I will be loved	amābimur	We will be loved
2nd	amāberis	You will be loved	amābiminī	You (pl.) will be loved
3rd	amābitur	He/she/it will be loved	amābuntur	They will be loved

Perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amātus sum	I (have been/was) loved	amātī sumus	We (have been/were) loved
2nd	amātus es	You (have been/were) loved	amātī estis	You (pl.) (have been/were) loved
3rd	amātus est	He/she/it (has been/was) loved	amātī sunt	They (have been/were) loved

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amātus eram	I had been loved	amātī erāmus	We had been loved
2nd	amātus erās	You had been loved	amātī erātis	You (pl.) had been loved
3rd	amātus erat	He/she/it had been loved	amātī erant	They had been loved

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Future perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amātus erō	I will have been loved	amātī erimus	We will have been loved
2nd	amātus eris	You will have been loved	amātī eritis	You (pl.) will have been loved
3rd	amātus erit	He/she/it will have been loved	amātī erunt	They will have been loved

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Active subjunctive

Present

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amem	I may love	amēmus	We may love
2nd	amēs	You may love	amētis	You (pl.) may love
3rd	amet	He/she/it may love	ament	They may love

Imperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amārem	I should love	amārēmus	We should love
2nd	amārēs	You would love	amārētis	You (pl.) would love
3rd	amāret	He/she/it would love	amārent	They would love

Perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amāverim	I may have loved	amāverīmus	We may have loved
2nd	amāverīs	You may have loved	amāverītis	You (pl.) may have loved
3rd	amāverit	He/she/it may have loved	amāverint	They may have loved

Pluperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amāvissem	I should have loved	amāvissēmus	We should have loved
2nd	amāvissēs	You would have loved	amāvissētis	You (pl.) would have loved
3rd	amāvisset	He/she/it would have loved	amāvissent	They would have loved

Passive subjunctive

Present

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amer	I may be loved	amēmur	We may be loved
2nd	amēris	You may be loved	amēminī	You (pl.) may be loved
3rd	amētur	He/she/it may be loved	amentur	They may be loved

Imperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amārer	I should be loved	amārēmur	We should be loved
2nd	amārēris	You would be loved	amārēminī	You (pl.) would be loved
3rd	amārētur	He/she/it would be loved	amārentur	They would be loved

Perfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amātus sim	I may have been loved	amātī sīmus	We may have been loved
2nd	amātus sīs	You may have been loved	amātī sītis	You (pl.) may have been loved
3rd	amātus sit	He/she/it may have been loved	amātī sint	They may have been loved

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Pluperfect

Person	Singular	Meaning	Plural	Meaning
1st	amātus essem	I should have been loved	amātī essēmus	We should have been loved
2nd	amātus essēs	You would have been loved	amātī essētis	You (pl.) would have been loved
3rd	amātus esset	He/she/it would have been loved	amātī essent	They would have been loved

Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.

Imperative

Active

Primary direct

amā! - (singular) Love!
amāte! - (plural) Love!

Secondary direct

amātō! - (singular) Love!
amātōte! - (plural) Love!

Secondary indirect

amātō! - (singular) Let him/her love!
amantō! - (plural) Let them love!

Passive

Primary direct

amāre! - (singular) Be loved!
amāminī! - (plural) Be loved!

Secondary future

amātor! - (singular) Be loved!
amātōminī! - (plural) Be loved!

Secondary indirect

amātor! - (singular) Let him/her be loved!
amantor! - (plural) Let them be loved!

Gerunds

For nominative, the infinitive is used.

Nominative - amāre
Genitive - amandī
Dative - amandō
Accusative - amandum
Ablative - amandō

Infinitives and participles

Present active infinitive - amāre
Present passive infinitive - amārī
Perfect active infinitive - amāvisse
Perfect passive infinitive - amātus esse
Future active infinitive - amātūrus esse
Future passive infinitive - amātum īrī

Present active participle - amāns
Perfect passive participle - amātus
Future active participle - amātūrus
Future passive participle - amandus

Note: The perfect passive and both future participles are declined like normal 1st/2nd declension adjectives. The present active participle is declined like a 3rd declension adjective with a genitive of amantis. Also, there are no present passive or perfect active participles.

Related topics

• Appendix:Latin second conjugation
• Appendix:Latin third conjugation
• Appendix:Latin fourth conjugation