Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂-yé-ti: *-eh₂-yé-ti > intermediate phase **-ājō with syncope of the diphthong -yé and accent shift > Proto-Italic *-āō.

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną), Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Celtic *-āti, Sanskrit -आयति (-ā́yati) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

Suffix

*-āō

Forms primarily denominative verbs.
‎*dōnom (“gift”) + ‎*-āō → ‎*dōnāō (“to give”)
Forms deadjectival factitive verbs.
‎*proβwos (“correct, proper”) + ‎*-āō → ‎*proβwāō (“to approve”, literally “to make correct”)

Inflection

Inflection of *-āō (first conjugation)
Present	*-āō
Perfect	—
Aorist	—
Past participle	*-ātos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*-āō	*-āōr
2nd sing.	*-ās	*-āzo
3rd sing.	*-āt	*-ātor
1st plur.	*-āmos	*-āmor
2nd plur.	*-ātes	*-ām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*-ānt	*-āntor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*-āēm?	*-āēr?
2nd sing.	*-āēs?	*-āēzo?
3rd sing.	*-āēd?	*-āētor?
1st plur.	*-āēmos?	*-āēmor?
2nd plur.	*-āētes?	*-āēm(e?)n(ai?)?
3rd plur.	*-āēnd?	*-āēntor?

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*-ā	*-āzo
2nd plur.	*-āte	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*-ātōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*-ānts	*-ātos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*-ātum	*-āzi

Derived terms

Proto-Italic terms suffixed with *-āō

Related terms

Descendants

Latin: -ō, -āre (first conjugation, etymology 3) (see there for further descendants)