Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/keulaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gewlos (“vessel; bowl”), from *gew- (“to bend; bow; vault; arch; curve; buckle”). Possibly related to *keluz, *kūliz, and *kūlǭ. However, see Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkeu̯.lɑz/

Noun

*keulaz m

1. ship

   Synonyms: *baitaz, *skipą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *keulaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*keulaz	*keulōz, *keulōs
vocative	*keul	*keulōz, *keulōs
accusative	*keulą	*keulanz
genitive	*keulas, *kiulis	*keulǫ̂
dative	*kiulai	*keulamaz
instrumental	*keulō	*keulamiz

Related terms

• *kūliz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *keul
  • Old English: ċēol
    • >? Middle English: chiel, kele, keel (“small shipping vessel, lighter”) (possibly borrowed from Middle Dutch; displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
  • Old Frisian: *kiāl, *tziāl
    • West Frisian: tjalk, tsjalk
      • → Dutch: tjalk
  • Old Saxon: kiol
    • Middle Low German: kêl, kîl
      • German Low German: Kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
  • Old Dutch: *kiol
    • Middle Dutch: kiel
      • Dutch: kiel (displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
  • Old High German: kiol, chiol
    • Middle High German: kiel
      • German: Kiel (obsolete, displaced by *keluz (“keel”), via Old Norse)
• Old Norse: kjóll
  • Icelandic: kjóll
• → Proto-Finnic: *këula
  • Finnish: keula