Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽

This Gothic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bruzdōną (“to prick, embroider”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥s-dʰ- (“to prick”). Cognate with Old Saxon brordōn, Old High German brortōn (“to embroider, decorate”).

Verb

*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 • (*bruzdōn)

1. to embroider

Conjugation

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 *bruzdōn
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉 *bruzdō	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōda	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōda
2nd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃 *bruzdōs	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 *bruzdōdēs	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌶𐌰 *bruzdōza
3rd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌸 *bruzdōþ	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōda	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōda
1st dual	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃 *bruzdōs	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 *bruzdōdēdu	—
2nd dual	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍄𐍃 *bruzdōts	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 *bruzdōdēduts	—
1st plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌼 *bruzdōm	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 *bruzdōdēdum	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōnda
2nd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌸 *bruzdōþ	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 *bruzdōdēduþ	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōnda
3rd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳 *bruzdōnd	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 *bruzdōdēdun	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰 *bruzdōnda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉 *bruzdō	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōdēdjau	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōdau
2nd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍃 *bruzdōs	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 *bruzdōdēdeis	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌶𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōzau
3rd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉 *bruzdō	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 *bruzdōdēdi	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōdau
1st dual	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍅𐌰 *bruzdōwa	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 *bruzdōdēdeiwa	—
2nd dual	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍄𐍃 *bruzdōts	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 *bruzdōdēdeits	—
1st plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌼𐌰 *bruzdōma	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 *bruzdōdēdeima	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōndau
2nd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌸 *bruzdōþ	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 *bruzdōdēdeiþ	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōndau
3rd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 *bruzdōna	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 *bruzdōdēdeina	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōndau
Imperative
2nd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉 *bruzdō
3rd singular	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōdau
2nd dual	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐍄𐍃 *bruzdōts
2nd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌸 *bruzdōþ
3rd plural	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 *bruzdōndau
	Present	Past
Participles	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 *bruzdōnds	*𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌸𐍃 *bruzdōþs

Descendants

• → Vulgar Latin: *brustō
  • Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder
    • Middle French: broder; embroder
      • French: broder
        • → Danish: brodere
      • → Dutch: borduren
    • Norman: broder (Jersey), broudaïr (Guernésiais)
    • Picard: border
    • Old French: embrosder, embrouder
      • → Middle English: broiden, brouden
      • → Middle English: embrouderen, embrowderen, embroderen
        • English: embroider (influenced by Middle English broiden)
  • Iberian:
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: broslar
      • Galician: brozlar
      • Portuguese: broslar
    • Spanish: broslar
  • Old Italian: brustare
  • Old Occitan: broidar, brodar
    • Occitan: brodar
    • Catalan: brodar