Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/bəʀas

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian edit

Etymology edit

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ras (“rice; fruit; bear fruit; round object”), whence Tibetan འབྲས ('bras).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /bəʀaç/, /bəraç/

Noun edit

*bəʀas

rice ((raw) seeds used as food)

Descendants edit

East Formosan
- Ami
  - Amis: felac
- Kavalanic
  - Kavalan: beRas
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *bəʀas
- Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian
  - Central Malayo-Polynesian
    - Sumba-Flores
      - Ende-Manggarai
        Manggarai: weras
    - Timor-Babar
      - Nuclear Timor
        East Timor
        Tetumic
        Tetum: fos
  - Western Malayo-Polynesian
    - North Bornean
      - Southwest Sabah
        Gana: bagas
      - Greater Barito
        Barito
        East Barito
        Malagasy: vary
        
        West Barito
        South West Barito
        Ngaju: behas
        
        North Sarawakan
        Berawan-Kelabitic
        Berawan-Lower Baram
        Berawan: bekeh
        
        Kelabitic
        Kelabit: bera
        
        Kayan-Murik
        Modang-Kayan
        Kayan
        Baram Kayan: bahah
        
        Melanau-Bintulu
        Bintulu: vas
    - Philippine
      - Central Philippine
        Bikol
        Coastal Bikol
        Naga
        Bikol Central: bagás
        
        Mansakan
        Mandayan
        Mansaka: bugas
        
        Palawan
        Palawan Batak: bəgás
        
        Tagalog: bigás
        
        Visayan
        Cebuano: bugás
        
        Central Visayan
        Peripheral Visayan
        Hiligaynon: bugás
        
        Western Visayan
        Aklanon: bugás
      - Gorontalo–Mongondow
        Mongondowic
        Mongondow: bogat
      - Mindanao
        Danao
        Maranao: begas (“cooked rice”)
        
        Subanun-Manobo
        Manobo
        Central Manobo
        West Central Manobo
        Western Bukidnon Manobo: beGas
        
        North Manobo
        Binukid: begas
      - Northern Philippine
        Central Luzon
        Kapampangan: abyás
        
        Northern Luzon
        Northern Cordilleran
        Cagayan Valley
        Isnag: baggāt
        
        Ibanag–Gaddang
        Ibanagic
        Itawit: bággat
        
        Yogad: beggat
        
        Casiguran Dumagat Agta: begés
        
        South–Central Cordilleran languages
        Central Cordilleran
        Nuclear Cordilleran
        Bontoc-Kankanay
        Central Bontoc: begás (“fruit”)
        
        Kankanaey: begás
        
        Ifugao
        Tuwali Ifugao: boga
        
        South Cordilleran
        Pangasinic
        Pangasinan: belás
      - Sangiric: *biʀas
        North-Sangirese
      - Southern Mindoro
        Hanunoo: bugás
    - Celebic
      - Kaili-Pamona
        Northern Kaili-Pamona
        Pamona
        Pamona: wea
    - Chamorro: pugas
    - Old Javanese: weas
      - Javanese: wos
    - Lampung
      - Lampung Api: bias
    - Malayo-Sumbawan
      - North-East Malayo-Sumbawan
        Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
        Balinese: bahas
        
        Sasak-Sumbawa
        Sasak: beras
        
        Chamic
        Acehnese: breuëh
        
        Highlands Chamic
        Rade: braih
        
        Jarai: braih
        
        Tsat: phia¹¹
        
        Proto-Malayic: *bəras
        Ibanic
        Iban: berau
        Mualang: beras
        Seberuang: beras
        Malayan
        Brunei Malay: baras
        Malay: beras
        Indonesian: beras
        → Nias: beras
        Minangkabau: bareh
        Urak Lawoi': บรัซ (bras)
      - Sundanese: béas
    - Moklen-Moken
      - Moken: bela
    - Northwest Sumatran
      - Batak
        Northern Batak
        Dairi Batak: beras (“fruit”)
        
        Karo Batak: beras
        
        Southern Batak
        Toba Batak: boras (“rice”)
        
        Northern Barrier Islands
        Simeulue: bərae
    - Rejang: blas
    - South Sulawesi
      - Bugis
        Buginese: wereʔ
        
        Tamanic
        Embaloh: baras
      - Mandar: barras
      - Northern
        Toraja-Sa’dan
        Tae': barraʔ
Northern Formosan
- Atayalic
  - Atayal: buax
Paiwanic
- Paiwan: vat (“grain”)
Puyuma: veRas
Rukai: bósə / bəʔásə
Tsouic
- Southern Tsouic
  - Kanakanabu: və'əra
  - Saaroa: ə-vəraə
- Tsou: fərsə