bera
Atong (India) edit
Etymology edit
From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
bera
References edit
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the Proto-Basque root *ber-.
Determiner edit
bera
- the same
- Ikasle bera izan da leihoa apurtu duena. ― That same student has broken the window.
Usage notes edit
- This term is used anaphorically, referencing a noun that has already been mentioned.
- This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).
Declension edit
Pronoun edit
bera
- Third-person singular personal pronoun; he, she, it
- Synonym: hura
- Berarekin etorri zinen. ― You came with him/her.
- oneself, in person (used for greater emphasis)
- Nire amonak berak egingo ditu erosketak. ― My grandmother herself will do the shopping.
- Nire etxean bertan nago. ― I'm at my own house.
Usage notes edit
- Unlike the determiner, this term isn't used anaphorically. Rather, it is used as an emphatic version of hura (similar to the pair ni/neu).
- This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).
- When used in the second sense, both the noun and the pronoun are declined.
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Basque *bera.
Adjective edit
bera (comparative berago, superlative beren, excessive beregi)
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | bera | bera | berak | |
ergative | berak | berak | berek | |
dative | berari | berari | berei | |
genitive | beraren | beraren | beren | |
comitative | berarekin | berarekin | berekin | |
causative | berarengatik | berarengatik | berengatik | |
benefactive | berarentzat | berarentzat | berentzat | |
instrumental | beraz | beraz | berez | |
inessive | anim. | berarengan | berarengan | berengan |
inanim. | beratan | beran | beretan | |
locative | anim. | — | — | — |
inanim. | beratako | berako | beretako | |
allative | anim. | berarengana | berarengana | berengana |
inanim. | beratara | berara | beretara | |
terminative | anim. | berarenganaino | berarenganaino | berenganaino |
inanim. | berataraino | beraraino | beretaraino | |
directive | anim. | berarenganantz | berarenganantz | berenganantz |
inanim. | beratarantz | berarantz | beretarantz | |
destinative | anim. | berarenganako | berarenganako | berenganako |
inanim. | beratarako | berarako | beretarako | |
ablative | anim. | berarengandik | berarengandik | berengandik |
inanim. | beratatik | beratik | beretatik | |
partitive | berarik | — | — | |
prolative | beratzat | — | — |
Derived terms edit
- beratasun (“softness”)
- beratu (“to soften”)
- beratz
- beraztasun (“softness”)
Etymology 3 edit
Noun edit
bera
Further reading edit
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
bera
Anagrams edit
Faroese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From berur.
Noun edit
bera f (genitive singular beru, plural berur)
Declension edit
Declension of bera | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | bera | beran | berur | berurnar |
accusative | beru | beruna | berur | berurnar |
dative | beru | beruni | berum | berunum |
genitive | beru | berunnar | bera | beranna |
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Verb edit
bera (takes accusative object, third person singular past indicative bar, third person plural past indicative bóru, supine borið)
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of bera (group v-54) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | bera | |
supine | borið | |
participle (a26)1 | berandi | borin |
present | past | |
first singular | beri | bar |
second singular | bert | bart |
third singular | ber | bar |
plural | bera | bóru |
imperative | ||
singular | ber! | |
plural | berið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Icelandic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From the Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Verb edit
bera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative bar, third-person plural past indicative báru, supine borið)
- (governs the accusative) to carry, to bear
- (governs the accusative, of cows and sheep) to give birth
- (impersonal) denotes an obligation or duty to do something
- Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)
- Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
- Mér ber að fara í stríð.
- It is my duty to go to war.
- Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)
Conjugation edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- aðalborinn
- bera á
- bera á borð
- bera á brýn
- bera af sér högg
- bera á móti
- bera árangur
- bera fram
- bera fram mat
- bera fyrir
- bera fyrir sig
- bera kápuna á báðum öxlum
- bera margt á milli
- bera merki
- bera með sér
- bera mikið á
- bera niður
- bera saman
- bera sig eftir
- bera sig til
- bera sig upp
- berast
- bera til
- bera undir
- bera upp tillögu
- bera út
- bera utan á sér
- bera við
- bera við himinn
- borinn
- borinn og barnfæddur (born and bred)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb edit
bera (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative beraði, supine berað)
- to bare
Conjugation edit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bera | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
berað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég bera | við berum | present (nútíð) |
ég beri | við berum |
þú berar | þið berið | þú berir | þið berið | ||
hann, hún, það berar | þeir, þær, þau bera | hann, hún, það beri | þeir, þær, þau beri | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég beraði | við beruðum | past (þátíð) |
ég beraði | við beruðum |
þú beraðir | þið beruðuð | þú beraðir | þið beruðuð | ||
hann, hún, það beraði | þeir, þær, þau beruðu | hann, hún, það beraði | þeir, þær, þau beruðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
bera (þú) | berið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
beraðu | beriði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að berast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
berast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég berast | við berumst | present (nútíð) |
ég berist | við berumst |
þú berast | þið berist | þú berist | þið berist | ||
hann, hún, það berast | þeir, þær, þau berast | hann, hún, það berist | þeir, þær, þau berist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég beraðist | við beruðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég beraðist | við beruðumst |
þú beraðist | þið beruðust | þú beraðist | þið beruðust | ||
hann, hún, það beraðist | þeir, þær, þau beruðust | hann, hún, það beraðist | þeir, þær, þau beruðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
berast (þú) | berist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
berastu | beristi * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
beraður | beruð | berað | beraðir | beraðar | beruð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
beraðan | beraða | berað | beraða | beraðar | beruð | |
dative (þágufall) |
beruðum | beraðri | beruðu | beruðum | beruðum | beruðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
beraðs | beraðrar | beraðs | beraðra | beraðra | beraðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
beraði | beraða | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu |
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
bera
Kelabit edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-North Sarawak [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.
Noun edit
bera
- rice ((raw) seeds used as food)
Khumi Chin edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Bengali ভেড়া (bheṛa).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bera
Derived terms edit
References edit
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[1], Payap University, page 74
Latin edit
Adjective edit
bēra
- inflection of bērus:
Adjective edit
bērā
References edit
- “bera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Maltese edit
Root |
---|
b-r-j |
1 term |
Etymology edit
Probably from Sicilian brillari.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
bera (imperfect jibri, past participle mibri, verbal noun biri)
- to shine
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of bera | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | brejt | brejt | bera | brejna | brejtu | brew | |
f | briet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nibri | tibri | jibri | nibru | tibru | jibru | |
f | tibri | |||||||
imperative | ibri | ibru |
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Akin to English bear.
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
bera (present tense ber, past tense bar, supine bore, past participle boren, present participle berande, imperative ber)
- to carry, bear
- Kor langt skal eg bera dette?
- How far shall I carry this?
- Vil isen bera oss?
- Will the ice bear us?
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
bera f
References edit
- “bere” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with Old Frisian *bera, Old Saxon bero, Old Dutch *bero, Old High German bero. The oblique stem *bern- gave Old Norse bjǫrn.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bera m
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bera
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
·bera
- third-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bera | bera pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbera |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (*bʰer- being the root). Compare Old English beran, Old Saxon beran, Old High German beran, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan).
Verb edit
bera
Conjugation edit
infinitive | bera | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berandi | |
past participle | borinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | ber | bar |
2nd-person singular | berr | bart |
3rd-person singular | berr | bar |
1st-person plural | berum | bárum |
2nd-person plural | berið | báruð |
3rd-person plural | bera | báru |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | bera | bæra |
2nd-person singular | berir | bærir |
3rd-person singular | beri | bæri |
1st-person plural | berim | bærim |
2nd-person plural | berið | bærið |
3rd-person plural | beri | bæri |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | ber | |
1st-person plural | berum | |
2nd-person plural | berið |
infinitive | berask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berandisk | |
past participle | borizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | berumk | bárumk |
2nd-person singular | bersk | barzk |
3rd-person singular | bersk | barsk |
1st-person plural | berumsk | bárumsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | báruzk |
3rd-person plural | berask | bárusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | berumk | bærumk |
2nd-person singular | berisk | bærisk |
3rd-person singular | berisk | bærisk |
1st-person plural | berimsk | bærimsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | bærizk |
3rd-person plural | berisk | bærisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | bersk | |
1st-person plural | berumsk | |
2nd-person plural | berizk |
Descendants edit
- Icelandic: bera
- Faroese: bera
- Norn: bera
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bera
- Elfdalian: björo
- Old Swedish: bæra
- Swedish: bära
- Old Danish: bæræ
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Verb edit
bera
- to make bare
Conjugation edit
infinitive | bera | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berandi | |
past participle | beraðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | bera | beraða |
2nd-person singular | berar | beraðir |
3rd-person singular | berar | beraði |
1st-person plural | berum | beruðum |
2nd-person plural | berið | beruðuð |
3rd-person plural | bera | beruðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | bera | beraða |
2nd-person singular | berir | beraðir |
3rd-person singular | beri | beraði |
1st-person plural | berim | beraðim |
2nd-person plural | berið | beraðið |
3rd-person plural | beri | beraði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | bera | |
1st-person plural | berum | |
2nd-person plural | berið |
infinitive | berask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | berandisk | |
past participle | berazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | berumk | beruðumk |
2nd-person singular | berask | beraðisk |
3rd-person singular | berask | beraðisk |
1st-person plural | berumsk | beruðumsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | beruðuzk |
3rd-person plural | berask | beruðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | berumk | beruðumk |
2nd-person singular | berisk | beraðisk |
3rd-person singular | berisk | beraðisk |
1st-person plural | berimsk | beraðimsk |
2nd-person plural | berizk | beraðizk |
3rd-person plural | berisk | beraðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | berask | |
1st-person plural | berumsk | |
2nd-person plural | berizk |
Descendants edit
- Norwegian Nynorsk: berre
Etymology 3 edit
Somehow derived from Proto-Germanic *berô, whence also bjǫrn.
Noun edit
bera f (genitive beru)
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bere f
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
bera
- inflection of berr:
References edit
- “bera1”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bera2”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bera3”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
bera f
- butter pear (a juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear)