Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kerdeti
Proto-Celtic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“to swing”), often compared to Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “to shake”).[1]
Verb
edit*kerdeti
Inflection
editThematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kerdū | *kerdemam | *kikritsū | *karda |
2nd singular | *kerdesi | *kerdetās | *kikritsesi | *kardas? |
3rd singular | *kerdeti | *kerdeto | *kikritseti | *karde |
1st plural | *kerdomosi | *kerdemo | *kikritsomosi | *kardmo |
2nd plural | *kerdetesi | *kerdestē | *kikritsetesi | *karsse |
3rd plural | *kerdonti | *kerdento | *kikritsonti | *kardars |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *kertsū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *kertsesi | ? | *kerde | |
3rd singular | *kertseti | ? | *kerdetou | |
1st plural | *kertsomosi | ? | *kerdomos | |
2nd plural | *kertsetesi | ? | *kerdete | |
3rd plural | *kertsonti | ? | *kerdontou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *kerdūr | — | *kikritsūr | — |
2nd singular | *kerdetar | — | *kikritsetar | — |
3rd singular | *kerdetor | ? | *kikritsetor | — |
1st plural | *kerdommor | — | *kikritsommor | — |
2nd plural | *kerdedwe | — | *kikritsedwe | — |
3rd plural | *kerdontor | ? | *kikritsontor | — |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *kertsūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *kertsetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *kertsetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *kertsommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *kertsedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *kertsontor | — | — |
Declension of the past participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *krissos | *krissou | *krissoi |
vocative | *krisse | *krissou | *krissoi |
accusative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissoms |
genitive | *krissī | *krissous | *krissom |
dative | *krissūi | *krissobom | *krissobos |
instrumental | *krissū | *krissobim | *krissobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *krissā | *krissai | *krissās |
vocative | *krissā | *krissai | *krissās |
accusative | *krissam | *krissai | *krissams |
genitive | *krissās | *krissous | *krissom |
dative | *krissai | *krissābom | *krissābos |
instrumental | *? | *krissābim | *krissābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
vocative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
accusative | *krissom | *krissou | *krissā |
genitive | *krissī | *krissous | *krissom |
dative | *krissūi | *krissobom | *krissobos |
instrumental | *krissū | *krissobim | *krissobis |
The future stem was remodelled in Old Irish from *kikrits- to *kikerts- based on the subjunctive stem *kerts-.
Derived terms
edit- *uɸo-kerdeti
- Old Irish: fo·ceird
Descendants
edit- Proto-Brythonic:
References
edit- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kerd-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 202-203