Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/minuti
Proto-Celtic
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to bind”).[1] The *-néwti suffix is reconstructed on the basis of Sanskrit मिनोति (minoti, “to fix, establish”).
Verb
edit*minuti
- to bind
Inflection
editSuffixless preterite | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *minumi | *minumam | *mimisū | *mima |
2nd singular | *minusi | *minutās | *mimisesi | *mimas? |
3rd singular | *minuti | *minuto | *mimiseti | *mime |
1st plural | *minumosi | *minumo | *mimisomosi | *mimmo |
2nd plural | *minutesi | *minustē | *mimisetesi | *minte |
3rd plural | *minunti | *minunto | *mimisonti | *mimars |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *meyasū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *meyasesi | ? | *minu | |
3rd singular | *meyaseti | ? | *minutou | |
1st plural | *meyasomosi | ? | *minumos | |
2nd plural | *meyasetesi | ? | *minute | |
3rd plural | *meyasonti | ? | *minuntou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *minur | — | *mimisūr | — |
2nd singular | *minutar | — | *mimisetar | — |
3rd singular | *minutor | ? | *mimisetor | — |
1st plural | *minummor | — | *mimisommor | — |
2nd plural | *minudwe | — | *mimisedwe | — |
3rd plural | *minuntor | ? | *mimisontor | — |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *meyasūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *meyasetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *meyasetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *meyasommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *meyasedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *meyasontor | — | — |
Declension of the past participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītos | *mītou | *mītoi |
vocative | *mīte | *mītou | *mītoi |
accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītoms |
genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
vocative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
accusative | *mītam | *mītai | *mītams |
genitive | *mītās | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītai | *mītābom | *mītābos |
instrumental | *? | *mītābim | *mītābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
vocative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change (places)”)[2]
Verb
edit*minuti[3]
Inflection
editSuffixless preterite | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Active voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *minumi | *minumam | *mimisū | *mima |
2nd singular | *minusi | *minutās | *mimisesi | *mimas? |
3rd singular | *minuti | *minuto | *mimiseti | *mime |
1st plural | *minumosi | *minumo | *mimisomosi | *mimmo |
2nd plural | *minutesi | *minustē | *mimisetesi | *minte |
3rd plural | *minunti | *minunto | *mimisonti | *mimars |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *meyasū | ? | — | |
2nd singular | *meyasesi | ? | *minu | |
3rd singular | *meyaseti | ? | *minutou | |
1st plural | *meyasomosi | ? | *minumos | |
2nd plural | *meyasetesi | ? | *minute | |
3rd plural | *meyasonti | ? | *minuntou | |
Passive voice | ||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
1st singular | *minur | — | *mimisūr | — |
2nd singular | *minutar | — | *mimisetar | — |
3rd singular | *minutor | ? | *mimisetor | — |
1st plural | *minummor | — | *mimisommor | — |
2nd plural | *minudwe | — | *mimisedwe | — |
3rd plural | *minuntor | ? | *mimisontor | — |
Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
1st singular | *meyasūr | — | — | |
2nd singular | *meyasetar | — | — | |
3rd singular | *meyasetor | — | — | |
1st plural | *meyasommor | — | — | |
2nd plural | *meyasedwe | — | — | |
3rd plural | *meyasontor | — | — |
Declension of the past participle | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītos | *mītou | *mītoi |
vocative | *mīte | *mītou | *mītoi |
accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītoms |
genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
feminine | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
vocative | *mītā | *mītai | *mītās |
accusative | *mītam | *mītai | *mītams |
genitive | *mītās | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītai | *mītābom | *mītābos |
instrumental | *? | *mītābim | *mītābis |
neuter | singular | dual | plural |
nominative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
vocative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
accusative | *mītom | *mītou | *mītā |
genitive | *mītī | *mītous | *mītom |
dative | *mītūi | *mītobom | *mītobos |
instrumental | *mītū | *mītobim | *mītobis |
Reconstruction notes
edit- KPV presumes this verb acquired the exact same form as the homonymous verb meaning "bind".
- This verb from an originally laryngeal-free root was reshaped after verbs with originally laryngeal-final roots like *binati; this analogy is apparent in both the past participle (evidenced in Middle Cornish tremit (“effort”)) and Middle Welsh tramwy.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mi-nu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 271
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mi-nV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 271
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 485-486