Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalju

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From the same root as *kaljama, with the suffix +‎ *-u.

Noun

*kalju

1. debarked log; roller (one of a set of round logs used to help move a boat, etc. by rolling it over the logs)

   Synonym: *tëla

2. wooden rod

Declension

Inflection of *kalju

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kalju	*kaljut
accusative		*kaljun	*kaljut
genitive		*kaljun	*kaljudën *kaljuidën
partitive		*kaljuda	*kaljuida
inessive		*kaljussa *kaljuhna	*kaljuissa *kaljuihna
elative		*kaljusta	*kaljuista
illative		*kaljuhën	*kaljuihën
adessive		*kaljulla	*kaljuilla
ablative		*kaljulta	*kaljuilta
allative		*kaljulën *kaljulëk	*kaljuilën *kaljuilëk
essive		*kaljuna	*kaljuina
translative		*kaljuksi	*kaljuiksi
instructive		*kaljun	*kaljuin
comitative		*kaljunëk	*kaljuinëk
abessive		*kaljutta	*kaljuitta

Descendants

• Estonian: (dialectal) kali
• Finnish: kalju
  • → Northern Sami: gálljo
• Livonian: kaļ
  • → Latvian: kaļa

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kalju”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN