rod
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rod (plural rods)
- A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
- The circus strong man proved his strength by bending an iron rod, and then straightening it.
- A longitudinal pole used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
- (fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
- When I hooked a snake and not a fish, I got so scared I dropped my rod in the water.
- A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 8, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:
- So was I brought up: they tell mee, that in all my youth, I never felt rod [translating verges] but twice, and that very lightly.
- An implement resembling and/or supplanting a rod (particularly a cane) that is used for corporal punishment, and metonymically called the rod, regardless of its actual shape and composition.
- The judge imposed on the thief a sentence of fifteen strokes with the rod.
- A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
- I notched a rod and used it to measure the length of rope to cut.
- (archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 1⁄4 chain, 5 1⁄2 yards, 16 1⁄2 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
- 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Mystery of Marie Rogêt’:
- ‘And this thicket, so full of a natural art, was in the immediate vicinity, within a few rods, of the dwelling of Madame Deluc, whose boys were in the habit of closely examining the shrubberies about them in search of the bark of the sassafras.’
- 1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod
- In one of the villages I saw the next summer a cow tethered by a rope six rods long […].
- 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, “chapter I”, in The House Behind the Cedars:
- A few rods farther led him past the old black Presbyterian church, with its square tower, embowered in a stately grove; past the Catholic church, with its many crosses, and a painted wooden figure of St. James in a recess beneath the gable; and past the old Jefferson House, once the leading hotel of the town, in front of which political meetings had been held, and political speeches made, and political hard cider drunk, in the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
- 1924, Edward A. Ross, “Pocketed Americans”, in World Drift, New York; London: The Century Co., published 1928, page 68:
- the valley is forty to sixty rods wide
- 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Mystery of Marie Rogêt’:
- An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5 1⁄2 yards.
- (archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30 1⁄4 square yards or 1⁄160 acre.
- The house had a small yard of about six rods in size.
- A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
- The engine threw a rod, and then went to pieces before our eyes, springs and coils shooting in all directions.
- (anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.
- The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.
- (biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
- He applied a gram positive stain, looking for rods indicative of Listeria.
- (chemistry) A stirring rod: a glass rod, typically about 6 inches to 1 foot long and 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch in diameter that can be used to stir liquids in flasks or beakers.
- (slang) A pistol; a gun.
- 1916 August 1, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 249, column 1:
- One of them strode to his side and ran experienced fingers through his clothes. "No rod," he reported, "where's the jewelry?"
- (slang, vulgar) A penis.
- (slang) A hot rod, an automobile or other passenger motor vehicle modified to run faster and often with exterior cosmetic alterations, especially one based originally on a pre-1940s model or (currently) denoting any older vehicle thus modified.
- (ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.
- 2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37:
- These cylindrical rods fly through the air at incredible speeds and can only be picked up by high-speed cameras.
- 2009, Barry Conrad, An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting, Dorrance Publishing, pp.129–130:
- During one such broadcast in 1997, the esteemed radio host bellowed, “I got a fax earlier today from MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) in Arizona and they said what you think are rods are actually insects!”
- 2010, Deena West Budd, The Weiser Field Guide to Cryptozoology: Werewolves, Dragons, Skyfish, Lizard Men, and Other Fascinating Creatures Real and Mysterious, Weiser Books, p.15:
- He tells of a home video showing a rod flying into the open mouth of a girl singing at a wedding.
- 2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37:
- (mathematics) A Cuisenaire rod.
- (rail transport) A coupling rod or connecting rod, which links the driving wheels of a steam locomotive, and some diesel shunters and early electric locomotives.
- 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:
- In the early days troubles were experienced with oscillation from the rod drive and with the transformers, but were overcome later, and these machines performed useful service until superseded by more modern locomotives less costly in maintenance.
SynonymsEdit
- See also Thesaurus:stick
- See also Thesaurus:penis
- (objects in photographs and videos): skyfish
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
- Rod on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Rod in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
VerbEdit
rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)
- (construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.
- (transitive) To furnish with rods, especially lightning rods.
- (slang, vulgar, transitive) To penetrate sexually.
- 1968, David Lynn, Bull nuts:
- On impulse he moved around to the opposite side of the couple, in the direction which Grace's broad buttocks were pointed, for a full view of the big boned woman's back side. Now Grace wouldn't mind one iota if he rodded her from the rear.
- (slang) To hot rod.
- 2007, Dana Stabenow, A Deeper Sleep, →ISBN, page 45:
- There were three clear sets, more than what you might expect at Heartbreak Point, given all the juvies rodding in and out of there with their girlfriends.
AnagramsEdit
BretonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rod f (plural rodoù)
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *rȏdъ.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rod m
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
- mužský rod (“masculine (gender)”)
- ženský rod (“feminine (gender)”)
- střední rod (“neuter (gender)”)
- činný rod (“active voice”) (= aktivum)
- trpný rod (“passive voice”) (= pasivum)
Further readingEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. English root is borrowed from Old Norse.
NounEdit
rod c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite rødder)
- root
- yob
- (mathematics) root, zero (element in the domain of a function such that )
InflectionEdit
SynonymsEdit
- (mathematics): nulpunkt
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From the verb rode.
NounEdit
rod n (singular definite rodet, not used in plural form)
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
VerbEdit
rod
- imperative of rode
East FranconianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- ruad (Itzgründisch)
AdjectiveEdit
rod
German Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Saxon rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Dutch rood, German rot, West Frisian read, English red, Danish rød.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
rod
- (in several dialects) red
HunsrikEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- root (Wiesemann spelling system)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)
- red
- Die Blumme sin rod.
- The flowers are red.
- Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.
- The tomatoes are very red.
- Sie hod en rode Naas.
- She has a red nose.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of rod | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
Weak inflection | nominative | rod | rod | rod | rode |
accusative | rode | rod | rod | rode | |
dative | rode | rode | rode | rode | |
Strong inflection | nominative | roder | rode | rodes | rode |
accusative | rode | rode | rodes | rode | |
dative | rodem | roder | rodem | rode |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Weis | Grau | Schwarz |
Rod | Ranschegelleb; Braun | Gelleb, Geel |
Grien (Hellgrien), (Neongrien) | Grien (Dunkelgrien) | Menz |
Meergrien | Blau (Hellblau) | Blau (Dunkelblau) |
Feilche | Rosch, Lila | Roserod |
Further readingEdit
LatvianEdit
VerbEdit
rod
Lower SorbianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *rodъ (“root”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radas, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rod m
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “rod”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999), “rod”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *rōdō. Cognate with Old Frisian rōd, Old Saxon rōda, Dutch roede (“rod”), Old High German ruota (German Rute), Old Norse róða (“rod, cross”) (Danish rode (“gauge, rod”)).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rōd f
- cross (method of execution)
- a measure of land length, equal to a perch
- a measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre
Usage notesEdit
- An archaic locative singular form, ᚱᚩᛞᛁ, appears on the Ruthwell Cross inscription.
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old SaxonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
AdjectiveEdit
rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)
DeclensionEdit
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | rōd | rōde | rōd | rōde | rōd | rōdu |
accusative | rōdana | rōde | rōd | rōde | rōda | rōdu |
genitive | rōdes | rōdarō | rōdes | rōdarō | rōdaro | rōdarō |
dative | rōdumu | rōdum | rōdumu | rōdum | rōdaro | rōdum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | rōdo | rōdu | rōda | rōdu | rōda | rōdu |
accusative | rōdun | rōdun | rōda | rōdun | rōdun | rōdun |
genitive | rōdun | rōdonō | rōdun | rōdonō | rōdun | rōdonō |
dative | rōdun | rōdum | rōdun | rōdum | rōdun | rōdum |
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | rōdoro | rōdoru | rōdora | rōdoru | rōdora | rōdoru |
accusative | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdora | rōdorun | rōdorun | rōdorun |
genitive | rōdorun | rōdoronō | rōdorun | rōdoronō | rōdorun | rōdoronō |
dative | rōdorun | rōdorum | rōdorun | rōdorum | rōdorun | rōdorum |
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | rōdost | rōdoste | rōdost | rōdoste | rōdost | rōdostu |
accusative | rōdostana | rōdoste | rōdost | rōdoste | rōdosta | rōdostu |
genitive | rōdostes | rōdostarō | rōdostes | rōdostarō | rōdostaro | rōdostarō |
dative | rōdostumu | rōdostum | rōdostumu | rōdostum | rōdostaro | rōdostum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | rōdosto | rōdostu | rōdosta | rōdostu | rōdosta | rōdostu |
accusative | rōdostun | rōdostun | rōdosta | rōdostun | rōdostun | rōdostun |
genitive | rōdostun | rōdostonō | rōdostun | rōdostonō | rōdostun | rōdostonō |
dative | rōdostun | rōdostum | rōdostun | rōdostum | rōdostun | rōdostum |
DescendantsEdit
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Latin rhodium.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Chemical element | |
---|---|
Rh | |
Previous: ruten (Ru) | |
Next: pallad (Pd) |
rod m inan
- rhodium (chemical element, Rh, atomic number 45)
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
RomanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ.
NounEdit
rod n (plural roade)
- fruit
- (figuratively) fruit (advantageous result)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
rod
- inflection of roade:
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rȏd m (Cyrillic spelling ро̑д)
- gender
- (botany) genus
- relative, relation
- fruit, crop, extraction (rarely used in these senses)
- family, stock, lineage, kin, race
- 1872, Jovan Đorđević (lyrics), Davorin Jenko (music), “Bože pravde”:
- Bože spasi, Bože hrani srpskog kralja, srpski rod!
- God, our hope: Protect and cherish the Serbian king and Serbian race!
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “rod” in Hrvatski jezični portal
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Related to ruoto.
NounEdit
rod
- bone (of fish)
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
rod
- Soft mutation of rhod.
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
rhod | rod | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |