Wiktionary

rod

See also: Rod, roď, ród, röd, rød, roð, род, and রোদ

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

PronunciationEdit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ɹɒd/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ɹɑd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒd

NounEdit

rod (plural rods)

  1. A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
    The circus strong man proved his strength by bending an iron rod, and then straightening it.
  2. A longitudinal pole used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
  3. (fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
    When I hooked a snake and not a fish, I got so scared I dropped my rod in the water.
  4. A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
  5. An implement resembling and/or supplanting a rod (particularly a cane) that is used for corporal punishment, and metonymically called the rod, regardless of its actual shape and composition.
    The judge imposed on the thief a sentence of fifteen strokes with the rod.
  6. A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
    I notched a rod and used it to measure the length of rope to cut.
  8. (archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 1⁄4 chain, 5+1⁄2 yards, 16+1⁄2 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
    • 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, ‘The Mystery of Marie Rogêt’:
      ‘And this thicket, so full of a natural art, was in the immediate vicinity, within a few rods, of the dwelling of Madame Deluc, whose boys were in the habit of closely examining the shrubberies about them in search of the bark of the sassafras.’
    • 1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod
      In one of the villages I saw the next summer a cow tethered by a rope six rods long […].
    • 1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, “chapter I”, in The House Behind the Cedars:
      A few rods farther led him past the old black Presbyterian church, with its square tower, embowered in a stately grove; past the Catholic church, with its many crosses, and a painted wooden figure of St. James in a recess beneath the gable; and past the old Jefferson House, once the leading hotel of the town, in front of which political meetings had been held, and political speeches made, and political hard cider drunk, in the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
    • 1924, Edward A. Ross, “Pocketed Americans”, in World Drift, New York; London: The Century Co., published 1928, page 68:
      the valley is forty to sixty rods wide
  9. An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.
  10. (archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30+1⁄4 square yards or 1⁄160 acre.
    The house had a small yard of about six rods in size.
  11. A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
    The engine threw a rod, and then went to pieces before our eyes, springs and coils shooting in all directions.
  12. (anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.
    The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.
  13. (biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
    He applied a gram positive stain, looking for rods indicative of Listeria.
  14. (chemistry) A stirring rod: a glass rod, typically about 6 inches to 1 foot long and 1⁄8 to 1⁄4 inch in diameter that can be used to stir liquids in flasks or beakers.
  15. (slang) A pistol; a gun.
    • 1916 August 1, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 249, column 1:
      One of them strode to his side and ran experienced fingers through his clothes. "No rod," he reported, "where's the jewelry?"
  16. (slang, vulgar) A penis.
  17. (slang) A hot rod, an automobile or other passenger motor vehicle modified to run faster and often with exterior cosmetic alterations, especially one based originally on a pre-1940s model or (currently) denoting any older vehicle thus modified.
  18. (ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.
    • 2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37:
      These cylindrical rods fly through the air at incredible speeds and can only be picked up by high-speed cameras.
    • 2009, Barry Conrad, An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting, Dorrance Publishing, pp.129–130:
      During one such broadcast in 1997, the esteemed radio host bellowed, “I got a fax earlier today from MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) in Arizona and they said what you think are rods are actually insects!”
    • 2010, Deena West Budd, The Weiser Field Guide to Cryptozoology: Werewolves, Dragons, Skyfish, Lizard Men, and Other Fascinating Creatures Real and Mysterious, Weiser Books, p.15:
      He tells of a home video showing a rod flying into the open mouth of a girl singing at a wedding.
  19. (mathematics) A Cuisenaire rod.
  20. (rail transport) A coupling rod or connecting rod, which links the driving wheels of a steam locomotive, and some diesel shunters and early electric locomotives.
    • 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:
      In the early days troubles were experienced with oscillation from the rod drive and with the transformers, but were overcome later, and these machines performed useful service until superseded by more modern locomotives less costly in maintenance.

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

TranslationsEdit

slang: pistol — see pistol
hot rod — see hot rod
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Lightning conductor or rod in OSM

Further readingEdit

VerbEdit

rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)

  1. (construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.
  2. (transitive) To furnish with rods, especially lightning rods.
  3. (slang, vulgar, transitive) To penetrate sexually.
    • 1968, David Lynn, Bull nuts:
      On impulse he moved around to the opposite side of the couple, in the direction which Grace's broad buttocks were pointed, for a full view of the big boned woman's back side. Now Grace wouldn't mind one iota if he rodded her from the rear.
  4. (slang) To hot rod.
    • 2007, Dana Stabenow, A Deeper Sleep, →ISBN, page 45:
      There were three clear sets, more than what you might expect at Heartbreak Point, given all the juvies rodding in and out of there with their girlfriends.

AnagramsEdit

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rod f (plural rodoù)

  1. wheel

CzechEdit

 
Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *rȏdъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rod m

  1. family, stock, lineage
  2. (botany) genus
  3. (grammar) gender
  4. (grammar) voice

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod
singular plural
nominative rod rody
genitive rodu rodů
dative rodu rodům
accusative rod rody
vocative rode rody
locative rodu, rodě rodech
instrumental rodem rody

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • rod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • rod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • rod in Internetová jazyková příručka

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): [ˈʁoˀð], [ˈʁoðˀ]

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. English root is borrowed from Old Norse.

NounEdit

rod c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite rødder)

  1. root
  2. yob
  3. (mathematics) root, zero (element   in the domain of a function such that  )
InflectionEdit
Declension of rod
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rod roden rødder rødderne
genitive rods rodens rødders røddernes
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From the verb rode.

NounEdit

rod n (singular definite rodet, not used in plural form)

  1. disorder, mess, muddle

Etymology 3Edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

VerbEdit

rod

  1. imperative of rode

East FranconianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • ruad (Itzgründisch)

AdjectiveEdit

rod

  1. red

German Low GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Saxon rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Dutch rood, German rot, West Frisian read, English red, Danish rød.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

rod

  1. (in several dialects) red

HunsrikEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • root (Wiesemann spelling system)

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

  1. red
    Die Blumme sin rod.
    The flowers are red.
    Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.
    The tomatoes are very red.
    Sie hod en rode Naas.
    She has a red nose.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod
masculine feminine neuter plural
Weak inflection nominative rod rod rod rode
accusative rode rod rod rode
dative rode rode rode rode
Strong inflection nominative roder rode rodes rode
accusative rode rode rodes rode
dative rodem roder rodem rode

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Colors in Hunsrik · Forrve (layout · text)
     Weis      Grau      Schwarz
             Rod              Ranschegelleb; Braun              Gelleb, Geel
             Grien (Hellgrien), (Neongrien)              Grien (Dunkelgrien)              Menz
             Meergrien              Blau (Hellblau)              Blau (Dunkelblau)
             Feilche              Rosch, Lila              Roserod

Further readingEdit

LatvianEdit

VerbEdit

rod

  1. 3rd person singular present indicative form of rast
  2. 3rd person plural present indicative form of rast
  3. (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of rast
  4. (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of rast

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *rodъ (“root”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radas, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rod m

  1. sex (gender (male or female))
  2. lineage, family
  3. (grammar) gender

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative rod roda rody
Genitive roda rodowu rodow
Dative rodoju rodoma rodam
Accusative rod roda rody
Instrumental rodom rodoma rodami
Locative roźe rodoma rodach

Further readingEdit

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “rod”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “rod”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *rōdō. Cognate with Old Frisian rōd, Old Saxon rōda, Dutch roede (“rod”), Old High German ruota (German Rute), Old Norse róða (“rod, cross”) (Danish rode (“gauge, rod”)).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rōd f

  1. cross (method of execution)
  2. a measure of land length, equal to a perch
  3. a measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre

Usage notesEdit

  • An archaic locative singular form, ᚱᚩᛞᛁ, appears on the Ruthwell Cross inscription.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative rōd rōda, rōde
accusative rōde rōda, rōde
genitive rōde rōda
dative rōde rōdum

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle English: rod, roode, rood

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.

AdjectiveEdit

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

  1. red

DeclensionEdit

Positive forms of rōd
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative rōd rōde rōd rōde rōd rōdu
accusative rōdana rōde rōd rōde rōda rōdu
genitive rōdes rōdarō rōdes rōdarō rōdaro rōdarō
dative rōdumu rōdum rōdumu rōdum rōdaro rōdum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative rōdo rōdu rōda rōdu rōda rōdu
accusative rōdun rōdun rōda rōdun rōdun rōdun
genitive rōdun rōdonō rōdun rōdonō rōdun rōdonō
dative rōdun rōdum rōdun rōdum rōdun rōdum
Comparative forms of rōd (weak only)
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative rōdoro rōdoru rōdora rōdoru rōdora rōdoru
accusative rōdorun rōdorun rōdora rōdorun rōdorun rōdorun
genitive rōdorun rōdoronō rōdorun rōdoronō rōdorun rōdoronō
dative rōdorun rōdorum rōdorun rōdorum rōdorun rōdorum
Superlative forms of rōd
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative rōdost rōdoste rōdost rōdoste rōdost rōdostu
accusative rōdostana rōdoste rōdost rōdoste rōdosta rōdostu
genitive rōdostes rōdostarō rōdostes rōdostarō rōdostaro rōdostarō
dative rōdostumu rōdostum rōdostumu rōdostum rōdostaro rōdostum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative rōdosto rōdostu rōdosta rōdostu rōdosta rōdostu
accusative rōdostun rōdostun rōdosta rōdostun rōdostun rōdostun
genitive rōdostun rōdostonō rōdostun rōdostonō rōdostun rōdostonō
dative rōdostun rōdostum rōdostun rōdostum rōdostun rōdostum


DescendantsEdit

PolishEdit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

EtymologyEdit

Learned borrowing from Latin rhodium.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Chemical element
Rh
Previous: ruten (Ru)
Next: pallad (Pd)

rod m inan

  1. rhodium (chemical element, Rh, atomic number 45)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod
singular
nominative rod
genitive rodu
dative rodowi
accusative rod
instrumental rodem
locative rodzie
vocative rodzie

Further readingEdit

  • rod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • rod in Polish dictionaries at PWN

RomanianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ.

NounEdit

rod n (plural roade)

  1. fruit
  2. (figuratively) fruit (advantageous result)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of rod
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) rod rodul (niște) roade roadele
genitive/dative (unui) rod rodului (unor) roade roadelor
vocative rodule roadelor
SynonymsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

VerbEdit

rod

  1. inflection of roade:
    1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. third-person plural present indicative

Serbo-CroatianEdit

 
Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rȏd m (Cyrillic spelling ро̑д)

  1. gender
  2. (botany) genus
  3. relative, relation
  4. fruit, crop, extraction (rarely used in these senses)
  5. family, stock, lineage, kin, race
    • 1872, Jovan Đorđević (lyrics), Davorin Jenko (music), “Bože pravde”:
      Bože spasi, Bože hrani srpskog kralja, srpski rod!
      God, our hope: Protect and cherish the Serbian king and Serbian race!

DeclensionEdit

Declension of rod
singular plural
nominative rȏd ròdovi
genitive rȍda rodova
dative rodu rodovima
accusative rod rodove
vocative rode rodovi
locative rodu rodovima
instrumental rodom rodovima

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • “rod” in Hrvatski jezični portal

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to ruoto.

NounEdit

rod

  1. bone (of fish)

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

rod

  1. Soft mutation of rhod.

MutationEdit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
rhod rod unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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