English edit

Etymology edit

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (rod, pole)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (stick, club), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (to clear land). Compare Old Norse rudda (club). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (rod, pole).

Pronunciation edit

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ɹɒd/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ɹɑd/
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒd

Noun edit

rod (plural rods)

  1. A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
    The circus strong man proved his strength by bending an iron rod, and then straightening it.
  2. A longitudinal pole used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
  3. (fishing) A long slender usually tapering pole used for angling; fishing rod.
    When I hooked a snake and not a fish, I got so scared I dropped my rod in the water.
  4. A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
  5. An implement resembling and/or supplanting a rod (particularly a cane) that is used for corporal punishment, and metonymically called the rod, regardless of its actual shape and composition.
    The judge imposed on the thief a sentence of fifteen strokes with the rod.
  6. A stick used to measure distance, by using its established length or task-specific temporary marks along its length, or by dint of specific graduated marks.
    I notched a rod and used it to measure the length of rope to cut.
  7. (archaic) A unit of length equal to 1 pole, a perch, 14 chain, 5+12 yards, 16+12 feet, or exactly 5.0292 meters (these being all equivalent).
    • 1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:
      ‘And this thicket, so full of a natural art, was in the immediate vicinity, within a few rods, of the dwelling of Madame Deluc, whose boys were in the habit of closely examining the shrubberies about them in search of the bark of the sassafras.’
    • 1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod[1]:
      In one of the villages I saw the next summer a cow tethered by a rope six rods long [].
    • 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company [], →OCLC:
      A few rods farther led him past the old black Presbyterian church, with its square tower, embowered in a stately grove; past the Catholic church, with its many crosses, and a painted wooden figure of St. James in a recess beneath the gable; and past the old Jefferson House, once the leading hotel of the town, in front of which political meetings had been held, and political speeches made, and political hard cider drunk, in the days of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
    • 1924, Edward A. Ross, “Pocketed Americans”, in World Drift, New York, London: The Century Co., published 1928, page 68:
      the valley is forty to sixty rods wide
  8. An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+12 yards.
  9. (archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30+14 square yards or 1160 acre.
    The house had a small yard of about six rods in size.
  10. A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.
    The engine threw a rod, and then went to pieces before our eyes, springs and coils shooting in all directions.
  11. (anatomy) A rod cell: a rod-shaped cell in the eye that is sensitive to light.
    The rods are more sensitive than the cones, but do not discern color.
  12. (biology) Any of a number of long, slender microorganisms.
    He applied a gram positive stain, looking for rods indicative of Listeria.
  13. (chemistry) A stirring rod: a glass rod, typically about 6 inches to 1 foot long and 18 to 14 inch in diameter that can be used to stir liquids in flasks or beakers.
  14. (slang) A pistol; a gun.
    • 1916 August, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 249, column 1:
      One of them strode to his side and ran experienced fingers through his clothes. "No rod," he reported, "where's the jewelry?"
  15. (slang, vulgar) The penis.
    • 2004, Bruce Jackson, Get Your Ass in the Water and Swim Like Me:
      [I'm gonna] [] throw some vaseline right in the crack a your ass, then I'm gonna shove my rod in your open hole and try to pacify your ornery soul.
  16. (slang) A hot rod, an automobile or other passenger motor vehicle modified to run faster and often with exterior cosmetic alterations, especially one based originally on a pre-1940s model or (currently) denoting any older vehicle thus modified.
  17. (ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.
    Synonym: skyfish
    • 2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37:
      These cylindrical rods fly through the air at incredible speeds and can only be picked up by high-speed cameras.
    • 2009, Barry Conrad, An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting, Dorrance Publishing, pages 129–130:
      During one such broadcast in 1997, the esteemed radio host bellowed, “I got a fax earlier today from MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) in Arizona and they said what you think are rods are actually insects!”
    • 2010, Deena West Budd, The Weiser Field Guide to Cryptozoology: Werewolves, Dragons, Skyfish, Lizard Men, and Other Fascinating Creatures Real and Mysterious, Weiser Books, page 15:
      He tells of a home video showing a rod flying into the open mouth of a girl singing at a wedding.
  18. (mathematics) A Cuisenaire rod.
  19. (rail transport) A coupling rod or connecting rod, which links the driving wheels of a steam locomotive, and some diesel shunters and early electric locomotives.
    • 1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:
      In the early days troubles were experienced with oscillation from the rod drive and with the transformers, but were overcome later, and these machines performed useful service until superseded by more modern locomotives less costly in maintenance.

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Translations edit

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

See also edit

References edit

Further reading edit

Verb edit

rod (third-person singular simple present rods, present participle rodding, simple past and past participle rodded)

  1. (construction) To reinforce concrete with metal rods.
  2. (transitive) To furnish with rods, especially lightning rods.
  3. (slang, vulgar, transitive) To penetrate sexually.
    • 1968, David Lynn, Bull nuts:
      On impulse he moved around to the opposite side of the couple, in the direction which Grace's broad buttocks were pointed, for a full view of the big boned woman's back side. Now Grace wouldn't mind one iota if he rodded her from the rear.
  4. (slang) To hot rod.
    • 2007, Dana Stabenow, A Deeper Sleep, →ISBN, page 45:
      There were three clear sets, more than what you might expect at Heartbreak Point, given all the juvies rodding in and out of there with their girlfriends.

Anagrams edit

Breton edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Brythonic *rrod, from Proto-Celtic *rotos, from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rod f (plural rodoù)

  1. wheel

Czech edit

 
Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology edit

Inherited from Old Czech rod, from Proto-Slavic *rȏdъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from rodit.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rod m inan

  1. family, stock, lineage
  2. (botany) genus
  3. (grammar) gender
  4. (grammar) voice

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • rod in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • rod in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • rod in Internetová jazyková příručka

Danish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈʁoˀð], [ˈʁoðˀ]

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. English root is borrowed from Old Norse.

Noun edit

rod c (singular definite roden, plural indefinite rødder)

  1. root
  2. yob
  3. (mathematics) root, zero (element   in the domain of a function such that  )
Inflection edit
Synonyms edit
Related terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From the verb rode.

Noun edit

rod n (singular definite rodet, not used in plural form)

  1. disorder, mess, muddle

Etymology 3 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb edit

rod

  1. imperative of rode

East Franconian edit

Alternative forms edit

  • ruad (Itzgründisch)

Adjective edit

rod

  1. red

German Low German edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old Saxon rōd, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-. Compare Dutch rood, German rot, West Frisian read, English red, Danish rød.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

rod

  1. (in several dialects) red

Hunsrik edit

Alternative forms edit

  • root (Wiesemann spelling system)

Etymology edit

From Middle High German rōt (red, red-haired), from Old High German rōt (red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

  1. red
    Die Blumme sin rod.
    The flowers are red.
    Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.
    The tomatoes are very red.
    Sie hod en rode Naas.
    She has a red nose.

Declension edit

Declension of rod (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
masculine feminine neuter plural
Weak inflection nominative rod rod rod rode
accusative rode rod rod rode
dative rode rode rode rode
Strong inflection nominative roder rode rodes rode
accusative rode rode rodes rode
dative rodem roder rodem rode

Derived terms edit

See also edit

Colors in Hunsrik · Forrve (layout · text)
     Weis      Grau      Schwarz
             Rod              Ranschegelleb; Braun              Gelleb, Geel
             Grien (Hellgrien), (Neongrien)              Grien (Dunkelgrien)              Menz
             Meergrien              Blau (Hellblau)              Blau (Dunkelblau)
             Feilche              Rosch, Lila              Roserod

Further reading edit

Latvian edit

Verb edit

rod

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of rast
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rast
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rast

Lower Sorbian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Slavic *rodъ (root), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radas, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (root).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rod m inan

  1. sex (gender (male or female))
  2. lineage, family
  3. (grammar) gender

Declension edit

Further reading edit

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “rod”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “rod”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Norse roð.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /roː/
  • Hyphenation: ròd

Noun edit

rod n (definite singular rodet, indefinite plural rod, definite plural roda)

  1. fish skin
    Synonym: fiskeskinn

Etymology 2 edit

From Old Norse hróðr, from Proto-Germanic *hrōþiz.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ruː/
  • Hyphenation: ród

Noun edit

rod m (definite singular roden, indefinite plural rodar, definite plural rodane)

  1. praise, fame, honour (only used in given names)
Related terms edit

Male given names:

Female given names:

References edit

Eivind Vågslid (1988) Norderlendske fyrenamn, →ISBN, page 291

Old English edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Germanic *rōdō. Cognate with Old Frisian rōd, Old Saxon rōda, Dutch roede (rod), Old High German ruota (German Rute), Old Norse róða (rod, cross) (Danish rode (gauge, rod)).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rōd f

  1. cross (method of execution)
  2. a measure of land length, equal to a perch
  3. a measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre

Usage notes edit

  • An archaic locative singular form, ᚱᚩᛞᛁ, appears on the Ruthwell Cross inscription.

Declension edit

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

  • Middle English: rod, roode, rood

Old Saxon edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.

Adjective edit

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

  1. red

Declension edit


Descendants edit

Polish edit

 
Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology edit

Learned borrowing from Latin rhodium.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

Chemical element
Rh
Previous: ruten (Ru)
Next: pallad (Pd)

rod m inan

  1. rhodium (chemical element, Rh, atomic number 45)

Declension edit

Further reading edit

  • rod in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • rod in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic родъ (rodŭ), from Proto-Slavic *rodъ.

Noun edit

rod n (plural roade)

  1. fruit
  2. (figuratively) fruit (advantageous result)
Declension edit
Synonyms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Verb edit

rod

  1. inflection of roade:
    1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
    2. third-person plural present indicative

Serbo-Croatian edit

 
Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sh

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rodъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rȏd m (Cyrillic spelling ро̑д)

  1. gender
  2. (botany) genus
  3. relative, relation
  4. fruit, crop, extraction (rarely used in these senses)
  5. family, stock, lineage, kin, race
    • 1872, “Bože pravde”, Jovan Đorđević (lyrics), Davorin Jenko (music):
      Bože spasi, Bože hrani srpskog kralja, srpski rod!
      God, our hope: Protect and cherish the Serbian king and Serbian race!

Declension edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

  • rod” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Veps edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Finnic *rootu.

Noun edit

rod

  1. fishbone
Declension edit
Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. rod
genitive sing. rodun
partitive sing. rodud
partitive plur. roduid
singular plural
nominative rod rodud
accusative rodun rodud
genitive rodun roduiden
partitive rodud roduid
essive-instructive rodun roduin
translative roduks roduikš
inessive rodus roduiš
elative roduspäi roduišpäi
illative roduhu roduihe
adessive rodul roduil
ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
allative rodule roduile
abessive roduta roduita
comitative rodunke roduidenke
prolative rodudme roduidme
approximative I rodunno roduidenno
approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
terminative III rodussai
additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Russian род (rod).

Noun edit

rod

  1. kind, race, breed
Declension edit
Inflection of rod (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing. rod
genitive sing. rodun
partitive sing. rodud
partitive plur. roduid
singular plural
nominative rod rodud
accusative rodun rodud
genitive rodun roduiden
partitive rodud roduid
essive-instructive rodun roduin
translative roduks roduikš
inessive rodus roduiš
elative roduspäi roduišpäi
illative roduhu roduihe
adessive rodul roduil
ablative rodulpäi roduilpäi
allative rodule roduile
abessive roduta roduita
comitative rodunke roduidenke
prolative rodudme roduidme
approximative I rodunno roduidenno
approximative II rodunnoks roduidennoks
egressive rodunnopäi roduidennopäi
terminative I roduhusai roduihesai
terminative II rodulesai roduilesai
terminative III rodussai
additive I roduhupäi roduihepäi
additive II rodulepäi roduilepäi

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

rod

  1. Soft mutation of rhod.

Mutation edit

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
rhod rod unchanged unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.