Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kangas

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Likely borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gangaz (compare Danish gang (“forty warp threads”), Middle High German ganc (“warp count (in weaving)”), Middle Low German ganc (“warp count (in weaving)”)) and/or Proto-Germanic *hangaz (“hanging”) (as in "fabric still hanging in the loom").

Noun

*kangas

1. cloth, fabric

Inflection

Inflection of *kangas

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kangas	*kankahët
accusative		*kankahën	*kankahët
genitive		*kankahën	*kangastën *kankahidën
partitive		*kangasta	*kankahita
inessive		*kankahëssa *kankahëhna	*kankahissa *kankahihna
elative		*kankahësta	*kankahista
illative		*kankahësën	*kankahisën
adessive		*kankahëlla	*kankahilla
ablative		*kankahëlta	*kankahilta
allative		*kankahëlën *kankahëlëk	*kankahilën *kankahilëk
essive		*kangassa	*kankahina
translative		*kankahëksi	*kankahiksi
instructive		*kankahën	*kankahin
comitative		*kangassëk	*kankahinëk
abessive		*kankahëtta	*kankahitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kangas
• Finnish: kangas
• Ingrian: kangas, (Soikkola) kankas
• Karelian: kankas, kangas
• Livonian: kāngaz
• Livvi: kangas
• Ludian: kangaz
• Veps: kangaz
• Võro: kangas
• Votic: kangõz

Further reading

• “kangas”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kangas”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gangaz (“way, passage”).

Noun

*kangas

1. dry ground?

Inflection

Inflection of *kangas

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kangas	*kankahët
accusative		*kankahën	*kankahët
genitive		*kankahën	*kangastën *kankahidën
partitive		*kangasta	*kankahita
inessive		*kankahëssa *kankahëhna	*kankahissa *kankahihna
elative		*kankahësta	*kankahista
illative		*kankahësën	*kankahisën
adessive		*kankahëlla	*kankahilla
ablative		*kankahëlta	*kankahilta
allative		*kankahëlën *kankahëlëk	*kankahilën *kankahilëk
essive		*kangassa	*kankahina
translative		*kankahëksi	*kankahiksi
instructive		*kankahën	*kankahin
comitative		*kangassëk	*kankahinëk
abessive		*kankahëtta	*kankahitta

Descendants

• ⇒ Estonian: kangur (“pile of rocks”), kanger
• Finnish: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”)
• Ingrian: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”), (Soikkola) kankas
• Karelian: kankas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”), kangas
• ⇒ Livonian: kāngar (“ridge (e.g. Curonian dune ridge)”)
  • → Latvian: kangars (“hillcrest, dune crest”)
• Livvi: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”)
• Ludian: kangaz (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol”)
• Veps: kangaz (“dry uneven ground”)
• Votic: kangõz (“moor”)

Further reading

• “kangur”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kangas”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN