Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kansa

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from early Proto-Germanic *hansā, later *hansō. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kuossē.

Noun

*kansa

1. people, folk

   Synonym: *rahvas, *väki

2. companion

Inflection

Inflection of *kansa

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*kansa	*kansat
accusative		*kansan	*kansat
genitive		*kansan	*kansadën *kansoidën
partitive		*kansada	*kansoida
inessive		*kansassa *kansahna	*kansoissa *kansoihna
elative		*kansasta	*kansoista
illative		*kansahën	*kansoihën
adessive		*kansalla	*kansoilla
ablative		*kansalta	*kansoilta
allative		*kansalën *kansalëk	*kansoilën *kansoilëk
essive		*kansana	*kansoina
translative		*kansaksi	*kansoiksi
instructive		*kansan	*kansoin
comitative		*kansanëk	*kansoinëk
abessive		*kansatta	*kansoitta

Descendants

• Estonian: kaasa, (dialectal) kaas
• Finnish: kansa
• Ingrian: kansa
  • → Votic: kansõ
• Livonian: kǭz- (in compound: kǭzgõnd (“wedding”)) (< *kansakunta)
• Vidzeme Livonian: kāzen, kāzned
  • → Latvian: kāzas (“wedding”)
  • → Latvian: kāz (“wedding”) (kursenieki)
  • → Latgalian: kuozys (“wedding”)
• Karelian: (Northern) kansa, (Southern) kanza
• Livvi: kanzu
• Veps: kanz
• ⇒ Votic: kaaz, kaa
• Võro: kaasa
• → Proto-Samic: *kāncē

Further reading

• “kaasas”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012