Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/pulkka

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *pluggą (whence Middle Low German plugge (“wooden peg”)).

Noun

*pulkka

1. wooden peg, stick

Inflection

Inflection of *pulkka

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*pulkka	*pulk'at
accusative		*pulk'an	*pulk'at
genitive		*pulk'an	*pulkkadën *pulkkëidën
partitive		*pulkkada	*pulkkëida
inessive		*pulk'assa *pulk'ahna	*pulk'ëissa *pulk'ëihna
elative		*pulk'asta	*pulk'ëista
illative		*pulkkahën	*pulkkëihën
adessive		*pulk'alla	*pulk'ëilla
ablative		*pulk'alta	*pulk'ëilta
allative		*pulkkalën *pulkkalëk	*pulkkëilën *pulkkëilëk
essive		*pulkkana	*pulkkëina
translative		*pulk'aksi	*pulk'ëiksi
instructive		*pulk'an	*pulk'ëin
comitative		*pulkkanëk	*pulkkëinëk
abessive		*pulk'atta	*pulk'ëitta

Descendants

• Estonian: pulk
• Finnish: pulkka
• Ingrian: pulkka
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: pulkka
  • South Karelian: bulkka
• Livonian: pūlka
• Võro: pulk
• Votic: pulkkõ

Further reading

• “pulk”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “pulkka”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN